Research on Carbon Nanotube and its Application

Introduction of Nanotechnology and Carbon Nanotubes Nanotechnology is the science, engineering, and technology of materials at the molecular or subatomic level (about 1 to 100 nanometers), including the ability to observe and control individual atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology has many attractive features such as its product size is only the molecular size, accuracy and complexity are the same as human cells. Steel It is 100 times harder. In recent years, a division of the nanotechnology family has been studied for a long time since its creation and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their broad application prospects have led to carbon nanotubes and corresponding technologies (eg purification).

Carbon nanotubes belong to the fullerene family and are defined as scaffolds (spherical, elliptical or tubular) consisting entirely of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes can be roughly classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes based on their shape and size (Fig. 10.5). Carbon nanotubes are relatively inert, non-immunogenic, and non-toxic (oral route). They are highly stable granular systems which provide reservoir release without natural insolubility. Carbon nanotubes are ideal carriers for antigen delivery by the oral route. The antigen embedded in the scaffold is absorbed through the lumen by macrophage phagocytosis via M cells. The phagocytic antigen is transferred to DC, which further stimulates T cell and B cell mediated immune responses. Carbon nanotubes activate MHC class I and MHC class II and show that they preferably induce a humoral immune response. Wang et al. It also induces an immune response through Th1 and Th2

Carbon nanotubes can be functionalized to achieve the desired properties that can be used for various applications. The two main methods of carbon nanotube functionalization are covalent and non-covalent modifications. Because of their remarkable hydrophobicity, carbon nanotubes tend to agglomerate and prevent their dispersion in these solvents or viscous polymer melts. The resulting bundles or aggregates of nanotubes degrade the mechanical properties of the final composite. The surface of carbon nanotubes can be modified to reduce hydrophobicity and improve interfacial adhesion to the bulk polymer by chemical attachment.

The thinnest carbon nanotube is an arm chair (2, 2) CNT with a diameter of 0.3 nm. Nanotubes grow in multilayer carbon nanotubes. The distribution of carbon nanotube type is achieved by a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The thinnest freestanding single-walled carbon nanotube has a diameter of about 0.43 nm. Researchers have stated that it can be (5, 1) or (4, 2) SWCNT, but the exact type of carbon nanotubes is still questionable. (3, 3), (4, 3) and (5, 1) carbon nanotubes (each having a diameter of about 0.4 nm) that were clearly identified in double- walled carbon nanotubes using a high resolution transmission electron microscope