Reproductive effects of low-to-moderate medical radiation exposure.

Medical radiation from X-rays and nuclear medicine is the largest source of artificial radiation in Western countries, with an average annual effective dose of 0 mSv, which is comparable to the radiation risk of 150 chest x-rays In many cases, gonads Belongs to imaging. In this field, the United States inspects more than 20 million annual CT, pelvic CT, and more than 500,000 barium enema annually. Among the more than 7 million workers receiving medical radiation, special attention is paid to people involved in cardiology and radiology laboratory work, and their occupational exposure is 2-4 days from diagnostic radiologists Three times higher. Therefore, the negative impact of radiation exposure is worthy of the scientific community. The purpose of this review is as follows. 1) Evaluate the gonadal dose of patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional fluoroscopy and professionally exposed interventional radiologists; 2) Evaluate to low to moderate range (high dose radiation therapy Excluding evidence of radiation exposure associated with adverse effects on reproduction. In patients, gonadal radiation exposure may reach 5 mSv in lower limb angiography, gonadal radiation exposure may reach 20 mSv in CT pelvis and buttocks and gonadal radiation exposure to 90 mSv in men in lower digestive tract series There are times when it can be reached. For interventional cardiologists, gonadal dose (below lead apron) is comparable to shielded thyroid dose and median per angiography is 50-100 microsieverts. For complex interventions, the dose is 10 times higher. This results in a cumulative exposure in the range of 0.5 to 1 Sv over the 30-year occupational life span. Currently epidemiological methods are insufficient to provide strong evidence-based recommendations to exposed subjects due to the dramatic increase in risk requiring extensive follow-up for decades It does not provide a definitive result. The use of molecular epidemiological methods and / or reproductive health biomarkers (reproductive hormone balance, sperm quality, sperm DNA damage) is focused on low to moderate dose range (<1000 mSv) and in future studies It may be more effective. I am most interested in diagnosis and occupational exposure

In order to reduce the risk of radiation exposure, it is necessary to justify all medical radiation exposure and to optimize the use of ionizing radiation. The reason is that the examination must be medically indicated and useful. Optimization means to perform imaging with the lowest reasonable dose (ALARA) possible, consistent with diagnostic work. The International Radiation Protection Committee (ICRP) proposed a series of radiological protection systems for publication 26 for three reasons. Logical rationale, optimization and individual dose limits. In publication 60, the ICRP revised its recommendations and expanded its philosophy to radiological protection systems while maintaining its basic ideals. The International Radiation Protection Committee issued a report 103 as a general recommendation on the revision of the radiation protection system in 2007.

Medical radiation from X-rays and nuclear medicine is the largest source of artificial radiation in Western countries, with an average annual effective dose of 0 mSv, which is comparable to the radiation risk of 150 chest x-rays In many cases, gonads Belongs to imaging. In this field, the United States inspects more than 20 million annual CT, pelvic CT, and more than 500,000 barium enema annually. Among the more than 7 million workers receiving medical radiation, special attention is paid to people involved in cardiology and radiology laboratory work, and their occupational exposure is 2-4 days from diagnostic radiologists Three times higher. Therefore, the negative impact of radiation exposure is worthy of the scientific community. In patients, gonadal radiation exposure may reach 5 mSv in lower limb angiography, gonadal radiation exposure may reach 20 mSv in CT pelvis and hip, and gonadal radiation exposure to 90 mSv in lower digestive tract series There is (male)