Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning: Dolly The Sheep

New research technologies allow you to design and explore the differences in the genome of living organisms. This is the technical revolution of the past decade. Allow scientists to explore DNA in new areas. During this study it is clear that exogenous DNA inserted into self-replicating genetic elements (eg bacterial plasmids) can be replicated. This breakthrough also shows that the plasmid used can also be used to alter the genetic makeup of other organisms (1).

In 1997, a group of Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute succeeded in making a clone of sheep named "Dolly" through a complicated process called breeding cloning ("Clone Fact Sheet" 1). Since the creation of Dolly scientists from all over the world have become interested in the idea of ​​cloning humans someday. This memorable historical event opened up a series of experiments that led to controversial problems: reproductive cloning is a useful technique that should be legalized or should not be played anymore It is an ethical experiment.

In 1997, Dolly Sheep was the first cloned mammal. Ever since then, as a potential means of organ farming, discussion has been directed towards cloning human research ("treatment") or the potential for reproductive purposes. Cloning is also known as "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT), a technical process of cloning. Cloning is the main topic of the wider biotechnology field. Ethical issues peculiar to human cloning include safety and effectiveness of the program, cloning of destructive embryonic stem cell research, the effects of reproductive cloning on relationships between children and parents, and commercialization of human life as a research product It is included.

Dolly is a case of reproductive cloning aimed at creating descendants. Reproductive cloning and cloning are used for therapy and research, sometimes referred to as "therapeutic cloning". Reproductive cloning and cloning for research and treatment both involve SCNT, but their goals and their ethical issues are largely different. First we will discuss clones for research and treatment and then continue to explain the outline of ethical debate surrounding reproductive cloning.

The clones are divided into two large groups, Reproductive Cloning and Therapeutic Cloning. Reproductive cloning means creating the same copy of an organism, which is the most common type of clone we hear in the news, like Dolly the Sheep and Interp. Northern Yagi The kind of less known clone is theoretical cloning and there are many techniques for prolonging the lifespan of an individual. Reproductive cloning is a very incomplete science (linked to the xkcd comic), and for generations to be perfect for generations. Conversely, therapeutic cloning is itself what we have and is concerned with how we can benefit from human society. Stem cell research is one area of ​​cloning including organ exchange