Reform in China and Russia

In 1989, two historical events occurred to form world politics. The People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union are the most populous and most powerful Communist countries in the world. In November 1989, the Berlin Wall of East Germany was destroyed. This wall is a symbol of communism toward Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The downfall tells the end of Soviet hegemony. By 1991, the Soviet Union was replaced by the democratic Russian Federation. In June 1989, tens of thousands of protesters rushed to Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

Because they are trying to implement democratic reforms, violence also plagues big powers such as Russia and China. China has successfully restrained the democratic tasks in order to maintain its current status. In 1991, Boris Yeltsin survived the attempt of the coup. In the constitutional crisis of 1993, he used the army to blow up enemies in the Russian White House. Considering the lack of historical records of peaceful transfer of power worldwide, the consistency of the United States as democracy is impressive. Nonetheless, blade elections and crisis elections even threaten the most stable government. Why did not the crisis elections in 1800 and 2000 lead to system collapse?

1800 and 2000 elections. How crisis election shapes democratic practices in American history

When Deng Xiaoping first announced reform and opening up, it is dull to say that China achieves a dream more than anyone else, and that Russia is failing in some anticipated way. After the economic, educational and scientific reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, China became the world leader of scientific publications and patent applications in the 2000s and is ready to participate in innovative competition (Balzer 2010; 2014; Strategy & 2014; Huang and Sharif 2015; McKinsey 2015). Russia has declined steadily from the perspective of the world's higher education ranking, scientific influence and innovation (Kotsemir 2012; Balzer 2010). Why is China more successful in reforming the Soviet model? Our solution to this dilemma highlights the relative weight of China's weak international integration with Russia arising from the cognitive society, economic interests and state-based interactions since the beginning of the reform.

According to Mr. Barzer, China has been successful in a common discussion through modest market reforms, and Russia has failed due to excessive reform but ignores the point. China is not a valid example of national-led reform. Because its biggest success is that the state is uncontrollable and is forced to adapt to the development alliance and the forces of the international market. In many cases, the Chinese leaders "praise a little bit of getting out of trouble." However, "When considering that Russian critics need to comply with China's policies, they are usually not based on economic activities of diverse and highly independent regions and regions related to the international economy, but rather policies based on strong government controls "This is the reason for China's success," he concluded.