REDUCING FUTURE FLOOD LOSSES: THE ROLE OF HUMAN ACTIONS

Floods are the most common and devastating natural disaster. According to the National Weather Service Director, D. L. Johnson, inland floods due to tropical cyclones are increasing more annually than any other natural disaster in the United States. Flood warnings and alarms continue to increase accuracy and timeliness, but economic losses and human difficulties due to floods continue to increase. The disaster round table held a workshop to explore the role of human activities in causing flood damage (see Appendix A Workshop Agenda). The content of this abstract is based solely on participant contributions to this workshop and is not intended as a comprehensive summary of this topic.

Historically, floods are a part of American culture, the "Great Flood" - a large flood that destroyed a certain area and occurred across generations - is often an important event that changes life and landscape. The most devastating flood of recent memories was the Midwest flood in 1993. Damage from the flood was $ 15 billion, 50 people died, hundreds of dams collapsed or collapsed, thousands were evacuated, months were months (FMRC, 1994). There are many other examples, but the flood in Johnstown, Pennsylvania in 1889, was another "big flood" in the United States.

Ge rald E. Galloway, who has studied flood control measures for more than 30 years and has influenced, discussed the history and background of the following US flood control measures at the seminar.

Early 20th century floods like floods in the Mississippi River basin in 1927 urged Congress to review the proper role of the Federal Government in flood control. As a result, the 1928 "flood prevention law" and the 1936 "flood control law" were passed. These measures represent "Congressional recognition that flood protection is an appropriate activity of the Federal Government". Based on the authority permitted by these laws, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for the construction and maintenance of flood protection structures such as dams, dams and other public works, Infiltration

In the early 1940s, engineering structures seemed to be sufficient to minimize flood damage. However, geographer Gilbert F. White et al. Have supported extensive research support to prove that many engineering solutions are inadequate and in some cases not so

NFIP allows the owner of the participating community to purchase insurance to prevent flood damage. Participating communities must develop regulations to reduce future flood damage. This insurance is aimed at substitute insurance for disaster relief and reduces the cost of repairing damages to buildings and their contents caused by floods. Housing owners can purchase excessive flood insurance, but they must first be covered with NFIP flood insurance. For more information on how to subscribe to flood insurance, please visit www.floodsmart.gov.

In the 1950s, the community in the United States was destroyed by the flood. In addition to the loss of property and life, private insurance companies suffered huge losses and they completely ceased writing flood insurance contracts. The government picks up labels in the form of federal disaster aid, provided that families and businesses do not have insurance to help clean out the confusion after the storm. By 1968, Congress introduced the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to help owners cover the cost of flood restoration while reducing the burden on taxpayers recovering costs in the flood zone We decided to establish.

After the Federal State Flood Insurance Act of 1968 was enacted, in 42 USC § 400 (b) the storm and the homeowners' insurance contracts no longer provide insurance against surge loss due to floods and storms. These losses are currently covered by the Federal Flood Insurance Scheme. This usually means that most homeowner insurance contracts do not involve any damage caused by floods, surface water or storm surges. In Florida, if water flows into your house after it gets down to the ground, this may even include rain. See Intrepid Ins. Co. v. Prestige Imports, Inc., 78 So. 3d 583 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011). This exclusion usually leads to a rejection between the insured and the insurance company and subsequent litigation, one of whom claims that the damage was caused by the storm and the other claims that the loss is caused by floods or storms We insisted that it was.