Race: Social Categorization, Not Biological

The term "race" in English is thought to originate from raza in Spanish and means "variety" or "race" (race). People use races to define other groups, and the separation of this group is mainly based on physical characteristics. Functions such as skin color and hair do not affect the basic biology of human variations (Hotz). The race is actually deep inside the skin, there is no actual biological separation between the two "racial" groups. Scientifically, the differences between individual local groups are larger than the differences between the two large global groups, and human change is constantly changing (Lewontin).

Race and ethnicity are the terms used to classify populations based on common characteristics. Traditionally, race has been used to classify populations based on common biological features such as genes, skin color, and other observable features. Racial habits are used to classify according to cultural characteristics such as shared languages, ancestors, religious traditions, dietary preferences, history. Ethnic groups can share a wide range of phenotypic features for their common ancestor, but this term is often used to emphasize cultural and social characteristics rather than biological features (3 ).

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Race is a social structure that is a form of classification that places people in groups defined by erroneous biological and / or cultural characteristics. We know that there are genetic differences among people, but they are continuous rather than a separate, essential feature collection (Gilroy, 1993). For a person it is usually considered physiologically or culturally natural, and in fact is very fragile. As Michael Banton recently proposed: the notion of racism makes it possible for us to accurately analyze data based on ethnic composition. Because it keeps us away from racial prejudice and the direction of discrimination, individual attitudes and actions should be the focus of research.

Ethnicity may lack biological infrastructure, but it is a social concept that is social reality for many people. Sally Haslanger defines racial discrimination as a process by which a group of people are chosen from geographical connections and that affiliated society is positioned as dependent or economic, political, legal and social . This race is a social structure, not an biological reality, but an example of how people are categorized in different countries. For example, in Brazil, a person who identifies himself as a Caucasian is identified as a black man or a mixed blood in the United States.

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