R v Ryan

· An innocent bystander was killed by a bullet fired by Shimmer Dry Full during the robbery

· The robbery was committed by Shimar and Clermont, and both were criticized as appellants and not murder

The appellant insisted on the day of the incident that the gun was forced to drive Claremont to the workplace where the robbery occurred.

· If you do not wait for Clermont and Simado, he will be threatened of revenge, but after robbery and murder they will not allow them to enter their car.

• The appellant was found not acquitted, but due to restrictions on codification concerning compulsory defense under the law, the CA canceled the decision. Code Article 17

Question: Does the restriction on mandatory defense apply to violating parties (not only to the principal offender)?

Relying on DPP of Northern Ireland v. Lynch, the court should be able to gain protection from those who are trying to become parties to crime, if compulsion can protect common law in promoting and abusing murder It was certified as. Advantages of s 21 (2)

Ryan vs. R revealed elements of constructive murder. (1) Basic crime, imprisonment punishment of 25 years or more, (2) act of causing death during, during, or after the basic crime. This means that the prosecution must prove the criminal behavior and criminal intent of this basic crime. R v Munro confirmed that the criminal intent of death was not necessary to prove constructive murder. For example, a defendant may commit a deadly act without intentional killing during robbery or armed robbery, causing serious physical harm or indifference to human life.

According to British law, only a battery can be used if it can prove the right crime intent (cause of failure). In the case of batteries, the crime intent is intentional or reckless (see R v. Venna QB 421). If he predicts that his intention is to act when the objective is to cause such a result and that the outcome is actually the result of his actions, but still acts, he will act actively There may be (see R v. Woollin 4). ER 103 All; Although this decision applies specifically to the murder law, it is generally accepted that the definition of this intention applies to the criminal law as a whole. When he is pleased with taking the risk of taking action, he acts suspiciously in terms of results (see R v Cunningham 2 QB 396)

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