Questions and Anwers on DNA and Molecules

Question 1 What is eukaryote? Eukaryotes are not plant cells including chloroplasts but are known to be biological membranes such as nucleus, mitochondria or membrane-bound organisms, examples of which are animals, plants, fungi and protozoans is there. The genome is defined as a complete genetic material of an individual. All eukaryotes have a mitochondrial genome, but this is a very small and round shape. This means that the size of the genome is different. Higher eukaryote

Each cell has many DNA molecules, but because the cells are very small and the DNA molecules are long, the DNA is very tightly packed into each cell. These DNA packets are called chromosomes, and there are 46 cells per cell. Each package is divided into 23 pairs. One is a pair from the mother and the other is from the father. If someone suffers from beta thalassemia, chromosome 11 will mutate and beta globin will form on chromosome 11 (beta globin, along with alpha globin, is one of the proteins that make up hemoglobin). Thus, if one or two genes are directed to produce beta globin on chromosome 11, the resulting beta globin will be reduced. It affects hemoglobin and reduces the ability of erythrocytes to transport oxygen into the body.

DNA molecules are very long - indeed, they can not adapt to cells without proper packaging. In order to adapt to the inside of the cell, the DNA becomes tightly coiled and forms what we call chromosomes. Each chromosome contains a DNA molecule. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and they are located in the nucleus. In 1869, German biochemist Frederich Miescher first observed DNA. But over the years, researchers have not recognized the importance of this molecule. It was not until 1953 that James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin discovered the structure of DNA (double helix).