Psychological aspect of cancer: From stressor to cancer progression

As mentioned above, psychological stress is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. You can outline the mechanisms mediating the effects of psychological stress. Chronic stress factors act on PVN and SCN. These effects are transmitted via the axis of the SNS and HPA and are amplified by changes in release and behavior of pressure-related media that are not checked. All of these mediators function as immunosuppressants or mitogens in the tumor microenvironment. The convergent action of psychological stress on cancer cells ultimately signal transduces through stress mediators and cytokine receptors, activate intracellular growth and proliferation signaling pathways, reset the molecular clock of tumor cells (Figure 1-5). Opportunities to design effective interventions to target cancer pathways from cancer patients to cancer progression (such as psychosocial interventions and drug interventions). Recent studies have shown that social support and massage therapy, especially cognitive behavior stress management (CBSM, skill learning, cognitive behavior correction, systematic manual intervention group intervention focusing on relaxation training) improve outcomes of cancer patients Is shown. Effective role (41 - 43). Several drugs such as antidepressants and β-AR antagonists also show some effect in reducing the effects of psychological stress on cancer cells (44-47). But the truth is not that simple; the in vivo mechanism involves the effects of psychological stress on cancer cells, and most of the details remain unknown (48). Several problems must be solved before more effective interventions are developed. The first question concerns how chronic stressors act on PVN and SCN. This is important first to design appropriate intervention to protect cancer patients from psychological stress. The second question has to answer how many important effectors are on tumor cells. There are several known important stress-related mediators involved in the effects of psychological stress on cancer cells, and each medium acts synergistically with other cells through different processes, so developing blockers for everyone Is impossible. The third question has to explain how psychological stress affects molecular clocks. Since circadian clock acts as a tumor suppressor in vivo it is reasonable to assume that the effects of psychological stress can be suppressed by upregulation of several important circadian rhythm genes. By exploring the cascade that links psychological stress to cancer progression several useful anticancer therapeutic targets can be found in the future.

The range of physical, social, psychological and stress factors are related to diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These multiple and often chronic stressors can cause considerable pain in cancer patients and survivors. Pain is a general term encompassing various psychological responses, including depression, sadness, anxiety, fear, care, anger or panic. Painful experiences encountered immediately after cancer diagnosis are unexpected. It is not surprising that cancer patients may feel pain when receiving treatment for this condition. However, it is unknown that cancer survivors may be suffering from cancer experience for a long time even after completing primary cancer treatment, and that they actually exist in the survivor's trajectory.

The remainder of this article will explain the mental health of cancer survivors. We will focus on the negative (pain) and positive (growth, happiness) psychological reactions indicated by cancer survivors. Discuss the prevalence of specific psychological reactions that may be an important determinant of the mental health of cancer survivors, provide a framework to understand the "risk" factors of these responses, Discuss the promotion of mental health of cancer survivors. As the space is limited, the description here is always a summary and is not a detailed explanation of these topics. In addition, as our discussion of mental health of cancer survivors focuses on psychological responses, be aware of other late or long-term effects of cancer survivors, including sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbance, fatigue or cognitive impairment I will not pay.