Prosthetic Heart Valve Replacement and a Case Study Article Analysis

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide are undergoing artificial heart valve replacement surgery and use in many patients with severe valvular heart disease is recommended. Prosthetic heart valves and mechanical heart valves are the two main types of valves. Mechanical valves are more durable than biological valves, but because the risk of thrombosis and stroke persists, vitamin K antagonists (warfarin) are necessary for lifelong anticoagulation therapy. Warfarin treatment window stenosis requires frequent monitoring such as international standard ratio (INR) and restrictions on food, drugs and alcohol.

Diseased heart valves that become abnormally narrowed or abnormally leaked may require surgery. This is usually done as an open surgical procedure in which a damaged heart valve is replaced with a tissue or metal artificial valve. In some cases, the tricuspid or mitral valve can be repaired surgically, eliminating the need to change the valve. Heart valves can also be percutaneously treated using techniques with many similarities to percutaneous coronary interventions. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement surgery is increasingly being used in patients to consider the very high risk of open valve replacement surgery

In 1960, Albert Star pioneered human heart valve replacement after a series of dog surgical operations. In 2007 he received the Lasker Medicine Award with Alain Carpentier. In 1968, Carpentier removed the heart valves from pig heart valves and pretreated with glutaraldehyde to weaken the immune response. More than 300,000 people are undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgery designed by Starr and Carpentier every year. Carpentier talks about the first progress of Stahl.

An important problem in patients with heart valves requiring a valve replacement surface is whether to select mechanical valves or tissue valves. Tissue valves taken from the bovine cardiac sac or pig heart valves are treated neutralized and not repelled from the body. The valve can be directly embedded or attached to the stent or frame. The main problem with tissue valve options is that the typical lifespan of the valve is between 10 and 15 years and then needs to be exchanged. For younger patients, valve life may be shorter. A serious risk of death associated with implant surgery makes valve life expectancy and patient life expectancy a key element of decision making