Properties of the ipRGC Photopigment: Melanopsin

Characteristics of ipRGC photo pigment: Melanopsin IpRGC is unique in that it contains its own photochrome, melanopsin (origin). Melanopsin belongs to the opsin family because it accepts photons and converts them to electrochemical signals. This ability has been observed and is well understood in photoreceptor rods and cones. Photoreceptors play an important role in translating visual stimuli into languages ​​that the brain can understand. The ability to interpret visual cues depends on SOURCE being integrated into the structure.

Melanopsin is a photo dye found in intrinsic photoreceptor ganglion cells (ipRGC) in the retina and is involved in response to light in the environment, more specifically circadian rhythm light induction and pupillary reflex . (Hattar et al., 2003; Lucas et al., 2003; Panda et al., 2002, 2003). It has been found that changes in the function of melanopsin may be related to differences in photosensitivity among individuals. Changes in circadian luminescence can occur due to variations in gene sequences that mediate the expression of melanopsin. (Hatori & Panda, 2010)

Recently researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a new cause of photophobia: photochromic molecules in the eye called melanopsin are over excited. Melanopsin compounds absorb light from the retina of the eye and signal the brain, helping the brain to build a spiritual image that we see in our eyes. In other words, it allows the eye to send important visual signals to the visual cortex of the brain (along with other photochromes), helps to handle the surrounding environment and control our sleep cycle .

Briefly, the non-imaging visual pathway is mainly supported by endogenous photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC), which contains melanopsin in the retina, which is transmitted through the optic nerve to the outside of the normal imaging visual system (Optic nerve → lateral knee shape) body → visual cortex) The nonimaged vision system consists of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the intergenic leaflet (IGL), the reins nucleus, the pineal nucleus and the pronucleus (OPT), retinal ganglion cell vision cross that is directly connected via the retinal ganglion cells of the hypothalamus nucleus. From the orbit, the main visual cortex (Brodmann 17), the sub visual cortex (Brodmann 18 and 19), the sub visual cortex (Brodmann 20), the parietal vertex related field (Brodmann 7), the anterior ocular segment Forehead