Prenatal Care and Preterm Births

Prenatal Treatment and Premature Birth In the past twenty years, hope for neonatal survival has increased markedly and causes of almost all perinatal mortality and morbidity have decreased. Indifferent and has only one threat higher than other premature babies. Premature birth or premature birth is defined as a birth of a child from 20 to 37 weeks gestation. Births 20 weeks before pregnancy are considered spontaneous abortion 1. The survival rate of low birth weight infants has increased significantly from 15-80% in the past 20 years.

Prenatal care is an important factor in the prevention of premature babies and low birth weight children. In prenatal health examination, you can check the health condition of mother and baby. Since maternal nutrition and weight gain are related to increased weight of the fetus and body weight at birth, it is important to take a healthy diet and obtain proper weight during pregnancy. Mothers should also avoid alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs that may cause fetal growth and other complications.

In addition to ingestion of drugs and alcohol, many factors contribute to increased risk of preterm birth and SGA labor. These include stress, low body weight, age, inappropriate prenatal care, hypertension, malnutrition and smoking (National Committee for Infant Prevention, 1990; National Health Statistics Center, 1988; Samuels 1986) . In addition to extreme conditions (such as chronic malnutrition), due to the interaction and complexity of these risk factors it is difficult to identify individual causes of specific preterm birth or SGA birth cases (Cassady & Strange 1987; Holmes , Nagy Reich, & Pasternack 1984).

In the 1980s, risk factors leading to preterm birth and SGA birth increased. The proportion of women who have not received prenatal treatment increased by half. The number of babies born to unmarried women has increased by 40% (National Committee on Prevention of Infant Death and Prevention in 1990). The National Committee on Infant and Death Prevention concludes that several communities have become 'infant death prevention zones' due to extreme poverty, substance abuse, inappropriate medical care, and other factors (1990 infant death prevention whole country Committee)

Low birth weight accounts for 60 to 80 percent of infant mortality in developing countries. Infant mortality due to low birth weight usually is a direct infant mortality caused by other medical complications such as preterm birth, pregnant women malnutrition status, lack of prenatal care, pregnant mother's illness, unsanitary home environment It is a causal relationship. According to the University of Oregon, a decrease in the brain volume of children is also associated with low birth weight. According to a survey by the American Health Care Research Quality Bureau (AHRQ), approximately 6.1% (231,900) of the 3.8 million newborns in the United States in 2011 were diagnosed as having low birth weight (<2,500 g). Approximately 49,300 neonates (1.3%) weigh less than 1,500 g (VLBW). Infants born at birth are at high risk of developing newborn infections