Power shift in Water Governance of Transboundary River Basins

Introduction The Nile is the longest river in the world and has two sources The White Nile and the Blue Nile are shared by 11 coastal states (K. Paisley & Henshaw, 2013). Watersheds are characterized by large fluctuations in water flow, deterioration of water quality, water shortage, rapid population increase (Brunnee & Toope, 2002). Most of the water comes from the highlands of Ethiopia (86%), the remaining 14% comes from Africa's large quantity of countries (Salman, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the ongoing water irrigation policy of the Nile, its historical background, and the transfer of power to the imminent Egyptian water interest.

Trans boundary water issue In the 20th century, various bilateral cooperation was attempted in the Euphrates River - Tigris River basin. In 1920, the French and British governments as Mesopotamia's enforcement signed a treaty on the use of Euphrates and Tigris water. The French Turkish Protocol, signed in 1930, promised Turkey and the French government to coordinate the plan to use the Euphrates River. In 1946 the Turkish-Iraq Treaty of Friendship and the Protocol attached to the Good Neighbor Convention expanded the principle of mutual cooperation in water resource development. This agreement includes rivers and their tributaries and both countries have agreed that the control and management of the Euphrates and the Tigris are largely dependent on flow regulation in the Turkish source area. The 1946 Convention approved a committee to enforce these agreements.

This problem aroused my interest in Afghanistan's cross-border water problem. It is an inland mountainous country that exacerbates access to the water resources and management of the country where some rivers are flowing out of the border. Its purpose is to contribute to fields ignored for decades of war, violence and the constant fight to survive in the face of terrorism. This research was published in August 2017 as a book on transboundary water management and policy. Because the evolution of security is more than just traditional discourse, this book focuses on domestic and cross-border water issues