Positivism And The Real

Positivism is a trend of bourgeois philosophy and recognizes the orthodox concept of empirical knowledge of natural phenomena where metaphysics and theology are considered insufficient and incomplete knowledge systems. Positivism as the main intellectual movement in the latter half of the 19th century began to rise following the incompetence of speculation philosophy. In the first half of the nineteenth century, romanticism brought new ideas and helped to bring the civilization of that time to a higher level, which also brought about bad side effects.

Positivism was born in the late 18th century and is part of the Western traditional philosophy. Positivism has something to do with enlightenment. Because they all have similar views on the natural sciences and societies. Positivism is also related to empiricism, as positivism tends to emphasize the relatively realistic experience of human beings. In addition, positivism emphasizes empirical research and often uses observations to study phenomena (Mark J Smith, 2003). Although we believe that the positivist thinker can acquire scientific principles from amazing research, we often miss many aspects of human experience such as emotion. Furthermore, since both positivism and empiricism pay more attention to the interpretation of phenomena and facts, the part of positivism is related to empiricism.

First of all, it is really necessary to understand the evolution of positivism in social science. In the process of the development of positivism, three major positivist thinkers should be mentioned. Three were Auguste Conde (1798-1857), Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) and Emile Durchem (1858-1917). Firstly, from 1798 to 1857, Auguste Conde was the first professor to apply sociology, so he became the most important positivist. Therefore, sociology was created by Comte. (Callinicos, 2006). Therefore, Auguste Conto is the most famous person in the field of early positivism. Auguste Conde considers human sensory experience to be realistic, useful and accurate, and therefore can be explained empirically. On the contrary, because it can not prove that it is inexperienced, the reasonable and emotional meaning is not true, it is useless and inaccurate.