Political Alienation in “Strengthening Citizen Participation in Public Policy-Making: A Canadian Perspective” by Michael R. Woodford and Susan Preston

Michael Woodford and Susan Preston said the government's responsibility for citizen participation and decision-making is often contradictory in "Promotion of public participation in public policy development: Canada's perspective". Canadians have hesitated at the opportunity to participate in public hearings, citizen votes, and other consultation methods, but their voices were often considered insufficient. Policy-makers are not bound by citizen's opinion unless it is a binding referendum, but citizen's participation is "to resolve the democratic deficit growing, promote civic rights and community empowerment,

Citizen participation is the core principle of public policy development in some countries. In the UK it is observed that all levels of government are starting to engage citizens and stakeholders in their policy development process. This includes large consultation, focus group research, online discussion forum, or review of civic jurors. There are many different public participation mechanisms, but these mechanisms usually have common characteristics (for more than 100 lists and mechanism types see Rowe and Frewer, 2005).

Political representatives need to be involved. It tells the citizens to tell the elected legislators what they want, to ensure that the legislators respond to their requests in public policy, and to protest when not. Unfortunately, in the 20th century, most of the political participation in the United States had declined. Today, only half of the voters will vote for the presidential election, less than half of the voters voting for the middle election. More and more voters abandoned two major political parties, but the second party is still a very small party. However, there are places where participation is clearly increasing. It is a member of a political interest group. In 2011 Washington representative list edited by Lobbyists.info, domestic profit organizations which increase about 2,000 lobbying since the beginning of 1981 have been posted. But will more profit organizations mean more citizen participation?

Is more citizen participation in public policy decision a desirable development? Can you suggest a way for citizens to effectively participate in the formulation and implementation of public policy without any results? How are you dissatisfied with this form of participation? The first step is for the government to provide information to citizens. This provides a one-way relationship view covering "passive" access to the requested information and "active" behavior the government uses to disseminate information. The second phase refers to a two-way relationship of meetings where citizens are invited from the government to provide feedback on specific issues. However, in this exchange, on 5 June 2003 foundation was found based on the previous definition of this problem by the government and background information provided by the government.