Physics of Echolocation

When visiting the Grand Canyon, you can not honestly tell me that you were not shouting in the canyon just to hear your echoes come back to you. Do not be ashamed, we all do it. Many species of animals actually use their echoes to find out where they are in the closed place or if there are other animals in the vicinity. A typical example is a bat. In order to understand what echo is, it is first necessary to understand what the sound is. In the university dictionary of Webster's fourth edition, the sound is "vibration of air, water, etc.".

In 1945, Griffin and Galambos clearly explained the echo location of the bat in a groundbreaking paper entitled "Development of the concept of echo location". Bats eating frogs, fish, insects use the echo location to find prey in a complete or almost complete dark environment. After giving out sound, these bats can distinguish object distance, direction, size, surface texture and material from information. Effective and efficient conveyor sonic echo location is more effective to detect underwater objects than land based light based vision. Sounds in a wide frequency range interact with objects that reflect more complexly than light. So the sound can convey more information

In the animal kingdom, echolocation is to determine the position of an object by interpreting the echoes of the sounds produced by the animals. Echo location is an elegant evolution of the faint light niche. The only animals that can use this unique sensory ability are mammals - bats, dolphins, dolphins and tooth whales. Currently, these animals are thought to "see" things using sounds in the same or more detail than people see with reflected light. Echo positioning is life adapting to nightlife and dark cloudy water. Long ago, bats that eat insects during the day may be defeated in a struggle for the survival of birds. Similarly, toothed whales, dolphins, dolphins can quickly become extinct by sharks, sharks have a very sharp sense of smell.