Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics (2012), the population aged 60 and over increased from 17% in 2010 to 23% in 2035. The "oldest" population is expected to grow fastest and the population aged 85 and over has increased from 4 million to about 5 million. A schematic diagram of aging is shown in the figure. After about 40 years of age, physiological system function decline, as well as related anatomical and hyperfine structural changes may be detected. For example, progressive cognitive decline affects memory and learning, skeletal muscle atrophy and gentle weakness (known as sarcopenia) and decreased bone mineral density aging leads to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The actual age is a convenient and often good predictor of health, sickness burden, and physical ability, but there are quite a few individual differences, some older people are healthy, others are accelerated weakness, disability and weak

Lifestyle and medical advances that contribute to longevity are celebration achievements, but they also lead to unexpected and substantial social, economic and healthy challenges as average lifespan grow faster than health cycles . (Rechel et al. 2013) and is called the "healthy life year". For example, in the UK, the average life expectancy of women born in 2008 was 81.8 years, the average life expectancy of men was 77.7 years, by 2013 women were 79.9 years old and men 79.2 years. In 2008, women were 66.3 years old and men were 65 years old, but by 2013 women became 64.8 years old and men became 64.4 years old (Eurostat 2015). Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common chronic disability disease affecting 14% of people over 65 years of age. Followed by heart disease and cardiovascular disease, 10%, respiratory disease 6%, endocrine disorders or 6% of metabolic diseases, and 4% of people over 65 years old. The incidence of these chronic diseases has more than doubled in 10 years after retirement. Of those over the age of 75, 30% report chronic musculoskeletal disorders, 32% heart and cardiovascular diseases, 13% report endocrine or metabolic status (ONS 2013). Another problem is that the "elderly dependence rate" is changed from the four working-age populations of old-age older people to the two working-age populations of elderly elderly people in Europe (Eurostat 2014). Because this change in the ratio of labor force to the total population can put pressure on economic, social and medical support systems it is important to implement a strategy to improve the health of the elderly.

Regular exercise is important for healthy aging. Adults aged 65 and older have gained great health benefits through periodic physical activity and these benefits continue to occur throughout their lives. As this group has the least physical activity in any age group, it is particularly important to promote the physical activity of the elderly. Elderly people are diverse groups. Not all, most people have one or more chronic diseases with different types and severities. Everyone is experiencing losing body health with age, and some people are more than others. This diversity means that some elderly people can run miles, while others are difficult to walk a few blocks.

The majority of elderly people are healthy and healthy adults. Sometimes people mistakenly believe that the normal aging process is a sign of sickness. Physical and cognitive changes that occur with age are normal and need adaptation. Dealing with the skills and attitudes about life partially determines whether an individual can accept these changes. Areas of interest include the fact that a significant proportion of mortality and morbidity in the elderly are directly or indirectly related to preventable diseases or conditions. Effective lack of exercise, tobacco product use, obesity, lack of eating habits can cause acute and chronic symptoms such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary emphysema, but not limited to these. The practice of preventive health checking and early detection brings significant advantages to the personal and cost effective use of health care systems (prevention is cheaper than treatment).