Phylogenetic Analysis of Thermophilic Bacteria

A thermophile cell population cultivated at Tanjung Sakti hot spring in South Sumatra, Indonesia was reported at a temperature of 80-91 ° C., pH 7. According to phylogenetic analysis, the 16 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from the crowd differed in 4 genus. As Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, Brevibacillus and Bacillus. Two sequences with 96% similarity with the GenBank data sequence may be new species / subspecies. Hotspring is a unique area featuring high temperature and diverse natural environment.

The thermophilic bacterium is a bacterium growing at a very high temperature, typically between 50 ° C. and 80 ° C. These bacteria are classified as facultative thermophilic bacteria and absolute thermophilic bacteria. Thermophilic bacteria called hyperthermophilic bacteria experience optimal growth only when it exceeds 80 degrees Celsius. One of the most remarkable findings is the discovery that the archaebacterium Thermas Aquaticus is strong against high temperatures. This is due to the survival mechanism found in Thermus Aquaticus, which makes it possible to replicate DNA at very high temperatures. Vibrio vlunificus is one of the curved bacteria that can survive in the marine environment. These bacteria grow very fast in warm seawater. Deinococcus radiodurans is another type of microorganism that can survive easily in the most harsh environments and emit high levels of radiation.

Thermophilic bacteria are common in soil and volcanic habitat, species are limited in shape. Studies on metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of thermophilic bacteria have demonstrated that thermophilic bacteria have nearly the same properties as common in mesophilic bacteria, the main difference being in high temperature biostability and activity It is an important specific molecular mechanism. Due to growth at elevated temperature and unique macromolecular properties, thermophilic bacteria can have higher metabolic rate, physically and chemically stable enzymes than similar mesophilic species. The thermophilic process seems to be more stable and rapid and promotes reactant activity and product recovery. Analysis of important biomolecules in thermophilic bacteria reveals subtle structural differences in proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Some of these differences were not observed in mesophilic bacteria. (Zeikus, 1979)

Archaebacteria, bacteria and eukaryotes form three different branches of life trees or phylogenetic trees, which track the evolutionary history of organisms and show common ancestry. Archaebacteria were once believed to be bacteria, but this is a wrong classification. Archaebacteria and bacteria are very small unicellular organisms that can not be seen with the naked eye. However, they differ fundamentally in terms of their genetic code, cell wall and flagellar composition etc. Bacteria include peptidoglycan, molecules composed of proteins and sugar rings, and processes such as cell division. Some bacteria may even form spores. Furthermore, archaebacteria such as Halococcus and Sulfolobus often live in more extreme environments such as hot springs, frozen water, high salinity ponds, and it can be classified as extreme microorganisms adapted to extreme environments It is common.