Phineas Gage

Phineas gauge (born in July 1823, New Hampshire state in the United States, California death in May 1860), known as sexual brain injury as a stick of iron struck his skull and wiped the wound from most of the left forehead It is. Ear lobe of his brain

Little is known about the early childhood of the gauge, except that he was born into a family of peasants and brought up on a family-run farm in New Hampshire. At one point he began work on railroad construction and hired a contractor in cooperation with Rutland and Burlington Railways. One of the tasks of the gauge is to tidy up rocks to flatten the ground. The work involved drilling the explosive to the depth of the rock. Then fill the hole with gunpowder and set the fuse. Add sand on the explosive substance to prevent contact. Then put the explosive into the rock with a tamping rod. In the afternoon of 13th September 1848, near the Cavendish in Vermont province, the gauge crushed the powder and did not add sand. His mast is 58 feet long (about 1 meter) and 25 inches in diameter (about 2 centimeters), so it hits the side of the rock and ignites the gunpowder. The rod passed completely through the head of the gauge and landed nearly 25 feet (82 feet) behind him. A 13.25 pound (6 kg) stick will enter the head of the gauge just below the left tibia and exit above the skull.

As the gauge survived the accident, he got conscious immediately and was able to talk. But after about ten days, he endured for a short period of time before he noticed; his doctor expected his death. However, the gauge recovered quickly, within a few months I was able to recover my physical strength and get back to work. He has no obstacles to exercise and speech, and his memory is still intact. However, the character of Gage seems to have changed (at least for a while) and his colleague says that he is "no longer a Gage". Some people think that Gage is anxious, rude and unreliable after the accident, but the true extent of the personality change he experienced is unknown. There were not many records on his character and behavior before and after the accident.

In 1852, Gage found a job as a hummer driver in Chile and apparently reclaimed or maintained at least some social skills. After 7 years, my health is bad, he moved to California to live with my mother and sister (immigrate from New Hampshire). After about 12 years of injury, the gauge died from a stroke. His skull and iron mast were permanently displayed at the Warren Anatomy Museum in Harvard Medical School in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Figure 14.53 - Phineas gauge: Phineas gauge, the victim of the accident when working in the railroad in 1848, had a huge steel bar stabbing the frontal cortex of the frontal lobe. His personality seems to have changed after the accident, but even after such traumatic events have still survived as coach drivers, he finally learned to deal with trauma . (Credit b: John M. Harlow, MD) Figure 14.54 - Corticospinal tract: The major drawback for controlling skeletal muscle movement is the corticospinal tract. It consists of two neurons, upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron. The cell body of the upper motor neuron is located in the primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe and the synapse of the lower motor neuron is located at the ventral corner of the spinal cord and protrudes into the surrounding skeletal muscle.

Phineas gauge whose story is also known as the "American Clover Incident" is a pointless and unwilling contributor to the history of neuroscience. In 1848, when he was only 25 years old, the gauge badly damaged his brain. His miraculous survival, and the impact of injury to his personality, provided an important case study for scientists who want to gauge the world with curiosity and want to learn more about the brain. In 1848, the gauge was responsible for the construction of Rutland and the Burlington railroad in Vermont, USA. Workers blow up the rocks with explosives and clean up the railroad. On 13th September the gauge pushed the explosive powder into the rock for explosion using a tamping iron (a long iron hollow cylinder weighing more than 6 kg). Iron strikes the rock and makes a spark to ignite the explosive. The rod penetrates the skull of the gauge, enters from the left cheekbones and comes out of the head.