Peruvian anchoveta industry

Abstract Peru's upwelling system has excellent characteristics, high productivity and high variability. In the fishery and survey data analyzed in the study before 1972, a large change in the parameter of the anchor population number was not detected, but it was not discovered because these data were insufficient and these changes occurred did. Since these studies prevent excessive increase in fishing effort, even fixed fishery may be applicable to less fluctuating fishery.

The production of the four large fishing grounds accounts for 68% of the world's catch. The total of 21.6 million tons (sardine, anchovy, squid) in the Pacific coast Northwest and the southeastern Pacific region of 15.4 million tons (Calais, Peru in Peru), 11 million tons in the western Pacific, 9 million tons in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Fishery occupies 1% of the EU's gross domestic product. This discreet figure obscures the fact that the EU is one of the world's largest fishermen countries after China, and in 2005 it has 7 million tons of fishery and aquaculture. Although the EU exports 2 million tons, it still depends heavily on foreign fishermen importing 6 million tons, and the trade deficit is over 13 billion euros.

The local fishery along the affected coastline may be affected by long term El Niño phenomenon. During the decline of the El Niño phenomenon in Peru in 1972, the world's largest fishery collapsed due to overfishing. During the 1982-83 incident, thousands of salmon and squid populations declined and the scallops increased with warm water, but as the lower waters flowed to the continental slope the shrimps and sardines moved south The catch that has been increased. In warmer events, Asia is increasing in the area. Changes in the position and type of fish pose challenges to the fishery due to changes in the situation. During the El Nino phenomenon Peru's sardines were transferred to the Chilean area. Other circumstances become more complicated like the limit imposed by the Chilean Government on fishermen of self-employed fishermen and industrial fleets in 1991.

El Nino is now named El Nededa by a fisherman in Peru in the 17th century. This name is used because this phenomenon tends to reach Christmas. The climate record of the El Nino phenomenon dates back many millions of years and there is evidence that this cycle is found in ice core, deep sea mud, coral, cave and annual rings. In the normal non El Nino phenomenon, the trade wind blows away from South America to the western Pacific Ocean. Because these winds accumulate the warm surface waters of the western Pacific, the ocean off Indonesia is higher than the Pacific Ocean and about 1 to 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 meters) off Ecuador.