Perspectives of Enlightenment and Victorian Anthropological Theory

In the process of understanding human differences, anthropological research theoretically underwent several transformations. In the early history of this field, these theories developed around the indigenous peoples Europeans met in their exploration. Edward Burnett Taylor of the Victorian anthropologist believes that "I live in an unaccounted world." That means that you are binding at any time through your custom chain.

The history of anthropology usually arises from various viewpoints such as sex, nationality, theory, political point of view. Before Boas delve into the problem of academic origin of anthropology, along with anthropology present ground-breaking research to clarify how ethnology and ethnology developed in the 18th century rather than in the 19th century I intend on doing it. Han F. Vermeulen explored key and secondary sources from Russia, Germany, Austria, America, the Netherlands, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, France and the UK, and how "ethnographic magazine" was born It tracks which of you. A field survey of German historians and naturalists in Siberia (1730s and 1740s) (Russia) was summarized by scholars in Göttingen (Germany) and Vienna (Austria) as "ethnology" in the 1770s and 1880s It was. "It was later adopted by researchers from other countries.

Warms in McGee and Anthropology: According to the history of introduction, "Boas pioneered the concept of cultural relativism in anthropology." This tries to understand culture from their own (internal / emic) point of view That means that. From the beginning Boas was a heretic who challenged traditional understanding of race and society. According to a Wikipedia article, in a study of his immigrant children, he emphasized the fact that "biological races are not static, human behavior and behavior are caused by cultivation rather than nature."

The Boas Institute of Anthropology, led by Franz Boas, is one of the pioneers of contemporary concepts in anthropology. The Boas school chooses to criticize chemical schools to excessive generalization of ideas and theories in science including anthropology culture and adopt strict empiricism in that way. Boas School thinks that there are different cultures in the world. And in natural science of anthropology generalization between different cultures is impossible.

Historian Anthropology Historian Marvin Harris began the rise of anthropological theory from the theory that anthropology is "historical studies". He eliminates current social practices because it seems that history has been renamed anthropology, or that its history is the same as prehistoric times, or the general meaning of history in anthropological history. It does not mean to do. . As the founder of cultural anthropology uses it, he uses "history" in a special sense: in the words of Herbert Spencer, "natural history of society", or "universal history of mankind" , Era of the goal of enlightenment in the 18th century. Cultural or social history also includes past and present social features, as natural history includes features of past and present living things.