Pathology of gastrointestinal disorders.

Non-neoplastic and tumor proliferative lesions of gastrointestinal endocrine cells are described in detail. Multistage continuum from hyperplasia, dysplasia to neoplasia is identified from histamine-producing intestinal chromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the corpus. Most gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are silenced and are composed of ECL cells, the second most common neuroendocrine tumor is advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). In the duodenum, preneoplastic lesions of gastrin (G) and somatostatin (D) cells are similarly described. G cell NET, regardless of functional or nonfunctional, is the most common neuroendocrine tumor in the duodenum followed by D cell NET and ganglion cell paraganglioma (GCP). For ileum, appendix and rectal endocrine cells, there is no systematic definition of non-neoplastic lesions. The most common ileum NET is serotonin producing enterochromaffin cell (EC) - cell NET (classical carcinoid), which is associated with functional syndrome only in the presence of liver metastasis. Colon tumors are usually larger than small lesions seen in the rectum. The high-grade NEC found in colon and rectal sigmoid colon is usually associated with a component of non-endocrine tumor and has poor performance and a short survival time through an aggressive process

This article is intended to provide a comprehensive introduction of digestive system diseases, irritable bowel syndrome. Describe the etiology, pathology and prognosis of the condition, and details related to its epidemiology. Explain the diagnosis and treatment of the condition, and then explain the health impacts that the patient experiences and the economic cost of the condition. We draw conclusions based on the information and evidence discussed throughout the article

The most common form of functional gastrointestinal dysfunction is irritable bowel syndrome. Functional constipation and chronic functional abdominal pain are other intestinal functional disorders with physiological causes but without an identifiable structural, chemical or infectious state. Part of the area can be visualized with camera. Endoscopic examination when examining upper gastrointestinal tract, colonoscopy examination or sigmoidoscopy examination when examining the lower digestive tract is called. Capsule endoscopy is the place to swallow capsules containing the camera to inspect the tube. Biopsy can also be carried out during the examination

Functional gastrointestinal disorders, a group of symptoms characterized by chronic or recurrent symptoms associated with any part of the gastrointestinal tract. A functional state refers to an abnormal function of an organ, and there is no structural change in the organization. Examples include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and functional abdominal pain syndrome. Gulf War veterans are entitled to various VA benefits such as Gulf War Registration Health Examination, Air Hazard and Open Burn Registration, Health Care and Disability Compensation for Military Diseases. Their families and survivors may also be eligible to receive benefits.