Part 3: The lower limb

The lower limb consists of four main parts. Belt formed with waist bone, thighs, legs, feet. It is designed specifically to support weight and to match gravity and movement. In the explanation of the lower limbs, it is common to include a transition between the limbs and trunk, especially between the buttocks and groin.

The following Latin words (given in English equivalents) form the basis of many anatomical terms such as the femoral artery, sural nerve, calcaneus and extensor muscles: Membrane (limb), inguinal diameter The corresponding Greek word), coxa (waist; ischion is the corresponding Greek word), femur (thigh), knee (knee), calf (Legs), calves (feet), talons (ankles), pes or feet (feet), calves (heels), soles of the feet (feet) and the toes of the feet (feet) thumb)

Limb buds appear in the surrounding embryos, and the upper part appears in the first two days. Initially the limbs showed a similar arrangement with front and rear axis boundaries in 7 weeks (see FIGS. 8-10 and 15-11). During the lifetime of the fetus, changes (often referred to as "rotation of the limbs") are made, so that later it may become sick. Then the thumb of the foot is inside. Each limb has a waistband followed by skeletal parts (upper limb tibia, lower limb thigh bone). It is biased towards several front axle components: radius (tibia); navicular and navicular (talus and navicular); trapezoidal, trapezoidal and wedgeous bone; and metacarpal 1 - ulna (tibia) Rear axle component), triangle (calcaneus), Hamate (rectangular parallelepiped) and metacarpal (tibia) 4 and

Caster in, J. And Soutoul, J. H., Atlas de coupes anatomy. I. Membre director. II. Membre inferieur, Malloin, Paris, 1 967. Cross-section interesting educational chart

Fraser 's human skeletal anatomy, sixth edition, pastor. Author: S. Breathnach, Churchill, London, 1965. Detailed synthesis of locally placed anatomical structures of bone and muscle. Classic

Hay maker, W. And Woodhall, B. , Peripheral nerve injury: principle of diagnosis, 2 nd edition. , W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1953. Detailed illustration including muscle motion test. Important reference materials

Henry, A. K., Extensile Exposure, 2 nd Edition. , Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1957. Excellent discussion on applied anatomy

Lock Heart, R. D., Living Anatomy, 6 th Edition, Faber & Faber, London, 1963. The picture shows active muscle

Medical Research Council to help examine the peripheral nervous system, H.M.S.O., London, 1976. Short and valuable things including muscle strength examination

Royce, J., Surface Anatomy, Davis, Philadelphia, 1965. Photo of life and key drawing

What is a phantom limb? Ambros Pare, a 16th century French military surgeon, first explained the concept of phantom limbs. Phantom limbs are the sensation that the cut part of the limb still adheres to the body and moves properly with other parts of the body. Most of the disconnected people will feel hallucinations and phantom pain. The phantom feels different from pain. In that case, people experience sputum, sputum, or itching that removes limbs. This is said to be a normal part of healing after surgery and often disappears over time. Phantom pain is a burning, collapsing, or stinging sensation. It may be short-lived or it may last for a long time 3 Removing 3 organs may cause phantom limbs such as chest and teeth. Or eyes

Pain in the remaining limbs is explained as pain in the rest of the cutting, but illusion is a painless feel that no longer exists in the body part. Super illusion is the feel and pressure of touching phantom limbs of objects such as clothing. Risk factors for PLP are shown in Table 1. Recent studies have reported that the prevalence of PLP is more common in upper limb amputation than lower limb amputation. Women are reported to be more common than men. In one study, it has been shown that women's overall average pain intensity and disability are higher than males and females, using a certain pain response strategy and beliefs related to some aspects of pain leading to misjudgment It showed more catastrophic recognition. More population studies are needed to more clearly identify risks associated with extremities or sex of patients developing PLP