Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History

Rap is a musical practice of hip-hop culture characterized by singers or MCs who chant lyrics in the rhythm of instruments in the political and economic transformation of New York since the 1960s. Black and Latin American young people, many of whom are Caribbean immigrants, have created this new form of culture to deal with racial discrimination, poverty, urban renewal, democratization and urban violence. As the artists in Los Angeles, New Orleans, Miami and Chicago began releasing rap music in their own voice, these new forms of culture eventually expanded to regions outside of New York. Despite efforts to demonize and review rap music and hip hop culture, rap music has become a social liquidity way for many blacks and Latin American youth. Many artists have crossed borders in performance, advertising and business. Rap music also stimulates new conversations about issues such as electoral politics, gender, gender, crime, police and great sentencing, technology.

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