Overview of Down Syndrome

"About 13 out of 10,000 infants born each year in the United States suffer from Down's syndrome at birth, which will affect the same number of boys and infants" (Johnson P. A. 2014). Down syndrome is a genetic disorder found worldwide, but it is more common in the United States. The cause of this disease comes from the pairing of human chromosomes. Regular people accept 23 pairs of chromosomes. In Down's syndrome, the most affected people have abnormal cell division of the chromosome.

Down syndrome is an increasingly common disease in the United States. This is an inherited disorder caused by extra chromosome 21. One in 800 births is Down Syndrome (National Down Syndrome Association). Down syndrome is the most common form of identifiable delay (Ludman and Wynbrandt, p. 23) and genetic disease (National Down Syndrome Association). Down syndrome was initially thought to be a disease by John Langdon Down in 1866 and is called "father" of Down syndrome with the same name as Down. The original name of Down's syndrome was "a fool of Mongolia" due to the inclination of the eyes and a flat face (National Down Syndrome Association). He thinks this is a counterattack against Mongolian ancestors, but that word is now considered to be outdated and aggressive. But centuries ago, the characteristics of Down's syndrome were discovered in art, literature and science (National Down Syndrome Association).

Down syndrome name Down syndrome is from Dr. Langdon Tang. He was the first person to explain this syndrome in 1866. The earliest record of Down's syndrome patients can be traced back to the altar drawn at the church in Aachen, Germany in 1504. This syndrome was named after Dr. Langdon, but he did what we know today, and did not understand the situation. This syndrome is known as Mongolian. This is because people with Down syndrome have physical characteristics similar to those of the oriental tradition.

In recent history, advances in medicine and science have enabled researchers to study the characteristics of Down's syndrome patients. In 1959, French doctor Jérôme Lejeune recognized down syndrome as chromosomal abnormality. Mr. Lejeune observed 47 individual cells in Down's syndrome, not 46 chromosomes common to each cell. It was later determined that additions or all copies of chromosome 21 resulted in features associated with Down's syndrome. In 2000, the international scientific team identified and cataloged about 329 genes of chromosome 21, respectively. This achievement opens the door to tremendous progress in Down's syndrome research.