Overview of Child Maltreatment

Child abuse is not behavioral norms but behavior against children with serious risk of physical or mental harm. Four kinds of abuse are generally recognized: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse (mental abuse) and neglect. Causes of child abuse are various and unknown. Abuse and neglect are often related to physical injuries, delayed growth, and mental problems. Diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory and imaging diagnosis. Management includes record and treatment of injuries and emergency physical and mental conditions, mandatory reporting to appropriate domestic organizations, and occasionally including hospitalization and child rearing to ensure child safety

In 2015, a report on suspicion of 4 million child abuse, including 2 million children, was submitted to the Child Protection Agency of the United States of America (CPS). A detailed investigation of about one million of these reports revealed that approximately 683,000 child abusers were identified. Both males and females are equally affected; the smaller the child, the higher the damage rate

Approximately three fifths of all reports submitted to child protection services are experts in charge of abuse reporting (educators, law enforcement officers, social welfare staff, law experts, nursery schools, medical institutions, medical institutions, etc. ). Mental health staff, foster parent company)

Of the cases confirmed in the US in 2015, 75.3% ignored (including medical ignorance), 17.2% were physical abuse, 4% were sexual abuse, 9% were other abuses including psychological abuse I have received it. Many children are victims of multiple human rights violations

In 2015, about 1,670 children in the United States died as a result of abuse, of which approximately three-quarters were under 3 years old. More than 70% of children are neglected victims and 44% are victims of physical abuse with or without other forms of abuse. More than three-quarters of the perpetrators are parents acting independently or acting with others, and only about 25% of children's abuse deaths are done by mothers (1).

This article outlines the relationship between substance abuse and child abuse, summarizes current research and identifies areas for further investigation. Due to the size of the literature, research on future drug abuse of child abuse in children will be presented as part of the future clearinghouse issue paper. Drug abuse is often used as a global term and may include the use or abuse of a range of substances such as alcohol, illegal drugs and prescription drugs. Most studies include chemical dependence studies that are diagnostically defined as "intermittent and progressive forced use of drugs or drugs (including alcohol)" (Hayes and Emshoff 1993, p. 282) .

Recognition of child abuse by Kempe and colleagues in the 1960s (Kempe et al., 1962) has increased awareness that alcohol abuse and drug abuse are closely related to child abuse (Corby 1993). The earliest causal relationship model of child abuse focused on the parents' psychopathology, the two most common of which were depression and substance abuse (Chaffin, Kelleher and Hollenberg, 1996). In the past 30 years, drug abuse has been recognized as a cause of child abuse (Browne and Saqi 1988; National Research Council 1993). This reasoning is based not on part of the family unit of drug and alcohol treatment agencies, but mainly on children's and adolescents' assessment in child welfare, medical or psychiatric programs (Freeman 1993).