On the Development of Quantum Computers and Cryptography

In 2010, the US government will release ten Russian sleeping pills after physical intervention, and in 2013 the US government secretly collects many previously encrypted things and deciphers it quickly Physical intervention We did not do (Wood). Over the past decade, concerns about the suspicious security of modern cryptosystems begin to arise with the rapid collapse of quantum computing secrets.

In this review, we will cover a wide range of topics, including the impact of the emergence of classical cryptography, quantum computers, quantum cryptography, and quantum computers on short-term and long-term bit coin security. This is a very interdisciplinary field including mathematics, computer science, physics, quantum information theory and nanotechnology. Each of these fields has a full range of research related to it. Therefore, we have made every effort to provide references for more detailed work to help readers explore more deeply.

Post quantum cryptography is a new field of cryptography that is interested in a series of algorithms, thought to be safe even with quantum computers. Do not confuse this with quantum key distribution or quantum cryptography that uses quantum mechanics to protect communications. It is based on a more complex cryptographic hash function, not prime number decomposition, but using post quantum cryptography is very important in the field of mathematical functions.

Quantum cryptography should not be confused with post quantum cryptography. The former uses quantum mechanics to encrypt things (that is, a quantum computer is needed to encrypt information). The latter refers to an algorithm that requires only one classic computer to be secure against multiple computers. Although researchers are studying this problem, at the present time the major post-quantum algorithms can actually be defeated by a sufficiently large quantum computer. First, for a permitted gate, the matrix that represents it must be singular. If matrix U is multiplied by the Hermitian matrix of the original matrix to I (identity matrix), the matrix is ​​a single matrix.

This covers the utility of quantum computation and the physical implementation of quantum computation in the second half of the article on quantum encryption and communication and links them for quantum encryption and communication. If you are interested in learning more about quantum computing, some resources are also listed. This article will continue to Part 1. First of all, let us consider whether you can actually build a quantum computer. The answer is yes. Actually, even if it is difficult, there are many ways to build a quantum computer. Several major implementations are seen, such as photon quantum computation, superconducting quantum computation, ion trap quantum computation, nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computation (these are not a method - many other methods There is.