Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127)

Song (960 - 1279) was the most glorious era in the late history of China. In the era when society and the economy underwent major changes, this era greatly influenced China's knowledge and political situation until the 20th century. In the first half of this era, when the capital was in Brian (Modern opening), it was called the Northern Song dynasty.

In the early Northern Song Dynasty, one of the most artistic expressions of Chinese civilization, the flowering of immortal landscape painting was seen. In order to remove the confusion and destruction that occurred in the late Tang dynasty (618-907) and to return to the mountain, the 10th century hermit painter discovered the moral order they found in nature. In their foresightful landscape, this mountain stands on top of small mountains, trees, and humans like "the ruler of his subject, master of servants". Later, Son's court painter changed these idealized images of nature into a symbol of perfect order.

After World War II (907-60), the important outcome of the political unity of the Song dynasty was the creation of its own court painting style under the auspices of Imperial Painting University. Painters from all over the empire were recruited to meet the needs of the court. Over time, the various traditions represented by this diverse group of artists are fused into a harmonious academic style of songs, emphasizing the descriptive and physical depiction of the natural world. Under Huizong (1100-1125), he himself is a successful painter and calligrapher, and the empire's sponsors and rulers participated in the establishment of an artistic direction to reach the direct peak. Huizong tries to enrich its content by integrating poetic resonance and classical style reference while insisting that the basic purpose of painting is to be truthful and natural.

The great political change in the early days of Song dynasty - society elected by civil servants from domination of genetic aristocracy - the influence on the central bureaucracy of officials - also had a great influence on art. As the dominant elite, these new Confucianists use public service as their main call, but they often force to withdraw from political participation while pursuing artistic interests . The scholars of the 11th century were dissatisfied with the hardness of the calligraphy in the early Northern Song Dynasties and the difficulty of excessive handling, trying to restore the natural and natural character of the old model. Literati also applied their new critical criteria to paintings. Refusing a very realistic portrayal style followed by the professional painter of the Imperial Painting Academy, they also deviate from the official view that art must contribute to the country. Instead, amateur scholars - artists pursue painting and calligraphy as a forum for personal expression for their own entertainment.

Before the collapse of the Tang dynasty, it was another era of confusion until the Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1127) was established. Throughout his life the Song dynasty was always in conflict with its northern neighbors. Northern Song Dynasty is a fairly small empire coexisting with Liao Dynasty outside China, located south of the Great Wall at the northern border of China. The pressure is great. In 1126, Son lost the capital city Kaifen to three non - Chinese people, Yulchen. This song was brought to the southern capital of Hangzhou during the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), but the culture of this period was very rich - even the flight to the new town Kāifēng caused an era of intense nostalgia It was.

The Song dynasty ruleed China from 960 to 1279 and was divided into two different periods, north and south. In the Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1127), the capital city is in Beijing City's Bjing (now open), the dynasty dominated most of the present eastern China. Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) represents the period after Song and Song Dynasties lost control of the Jurchen dynasty at Jin and Song Dynasties. The Song dynasty recovered unity and became the richest, most skilled and most populous country on Earth. From the 10th century to the 11th century, the population doubled, the rice planting area in the south and south of Songon expanded, the use of early-life rice expanded in Southeast Asia and South Asia, expansion of the food balance enabled this growth. This song is the world's first government to issue banknotes and bank notes, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent navy.