Nipah Virus (NiV)

Nipah virus (NiV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. NiV was originally isolated and identified in 1999 when swine farmers in Malaysia and Singapore and encephalitis and respiratory illness occurred in close contact with pigs. Its name comes from Sungai Nipah, a village of the Malaysian peninsula where pig owners suffer from encephalitis. In consideration of the correlation between NiV and Hendra virus, bat species were quickly selected for investigation, after which Pteropus foxes were identified as NiV reservoirs (distribution map).

In the outbreak of 1999, Nipah virus caused a relatively mild illness in swine, but nearly 300 people, more than 100 people, reportedly died. To stop the development, more than 1 million pigs were euthanized and brought about a large loss of trade in Malaysia. Since epidemic occurrence, no case has been reported in Malaysia or Singapore (both pigs and humans).

In 2001 NiV was again identified as a causative agent of human disease in Bangladesh. Through gene sequencing, this virus was confirmed to be Nipah virus, but it is different from the virus confirmed in 1999. In the same year, another outbreak was retrospectively found in India's Siliguri, and the spread of people in the hospital environment was reported (hospital communication). Unlike the occurrence of NiV in Malaysia, it occurs almost every year in Bangladesh and has been reported many times in India.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a member of the genus Henipavirus of the Paramyxoviridae family and is characterized by high pathogenicity and endemic disease in South Asia. It is classified as a Biosafety Level 4 (BSL - 4) agent. Mortality ranges from 40% to 70%, depending on the severity of the disease and the availability of appropriate medical facilities. Currently there are no antiviral drugs available for NiV disease, treatment is only supported. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyzes can be used to help understand epidemiology and the temporal origin of the virus. This review outlines evolutionary studies of Nipah viruses prevalent in various countries. Between 2000 and 2015, 30 phylogenetic studies were published, pub-med was searched with the keyword "Nipah virus and phylogeny", and 28 molecular epidemiological studies from 2006 to 2015 It was done. Nipah virus and molecular epidemiology

Nipah virus (NiV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. NiV was originally isolated and identified in 1999 when swine farmers in Malaysia and Singapore and encephalitis and respiratory illness occurred in close contact with pigs. Its name comes from Sungai Nipah, a village of the Malaysian peninsula where pig owners suffer from encephalitis. In consideration of the correlation between NiV and Hendra virus, bat species were quickly selected for investigation, after which Pteropus foxes were identified as NiV reservoirs (distribution map).

Nipah virus (NiV) is a department of Paramyxoviridae which was first confirmed in Malaysia in South Asia from the end of 1998 until the spring of 1999. This disease was confirmed to occur and death among swine farmers, 265 people were infected, 105 of them died, and the death rate was about 40% (Lam, 2002). This virus was the first in the scientific community, it was thought to be Japanese encephalitis (JE) originally occurred at almost the same position several years ago. Also, like Nipah viruses currently being confirmed, it has also been noticed that JE is infected by people around swine tame (Centers for Disease Control, 2001). Nipah virus was also found to be similar to the symptoms of Hendra virus which caused respiratory disease and encephalitis in Australia in 1994 (Fraser, 2009).