Myocardial Infarction

When the cause of myocardial infarction develops, the coronary artery blocks the thrombus. It is often called "heart attack". In order for the heart to function properly, it is necessary to constantly supply oxygen and nutrients constantly. When two coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart and one of the two arteries fails or becomes obstructed, it becomes impossible to obtain the necessary oxygen in a part of the heart I will. This thrombus may be due to coronary artery disease (coronary artery disease). This occurs when the inner wall of the coronary arteries is thickened by accumulation of cholesterol, fat deposits, calcium and other elements in the blood (Boston Scientific, 2009). )

Atherosclerosis is not the sole cause of myocardial infarction, it may aggravate or contribute to other causes. Myocardial infarction is caused by an increase in oxygen demand due to fever, an increase in heart rate, hyperthyroidism, a decrease in red blood cells, a decrease in blood pressure in the blood stream, blood supply to the heart is restricted There is a possibility. Surgical injuries or failures such as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting can cause myocardial infarction. Coronary spasm, such as Prinzmetal's angina pectoris, can cause obstruction

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as cardiomyocyte death or necrosis. It is a diagnosis at the end of myocardial ischemia or acute coronary syndrome. Myocardial infarction occurs when myocardial ischemia overwhelms the critical threshold and overwhelms cardiomyocyte repair mechanisms designed to maintain normal functional function and hemostasis. Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction include sudden chest pain (usually left or left radiation), shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, sweating and anxiety (usually described as imminent ruin). Women may have fewer typical symptoms than men, the most common of which are shortness of breath, weakness, indigestion and fatigue. About one-fourth myocardial infarction is silent without chest pain or other symptoms

Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to tissue death (infarction) of the myocardium (cardiac muscle). It is an acute coronary syndrome that represents a sudden or short-term change in symptoms associated with blood flow to the heart. Unlike other causes of acute coronary syndromes such as unstable angina, myocardial infarction occurs when there is cell death, as measured by blood test biomarkers (cardiac muscle protein troponin or myocardial enzyme CK - MB) . If there is evidence of MI, it can be classified as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) according to the result of ECG.

Acute coronary syndromes include a set of three acute processes related to myocardial ischemia. These include unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Myocardial ischemia is caused by insufficient perfusion of myocardial tissue due to oxygen demand exceeding the oxygen supply. In healthy people, the amount of oxygen required for myocardium (oxygen demand) is determined by heart rate, myocardial contractility, myocardial wall stress, and afterload. Antman et al. "Myocardial oxygen supply requires satisfactory blood oxygen transport capacity (determined by inhaled oxygen, pulmonary function and hemoglobin concentration and function) and sufficient coronary flow", as explained by (2012)