Morphine

Morphine is a highly addictive opioid psychoactive analgesic. It is usually used before and after surgery to relieve severe pain. Morphine acts by binding to specific proteins called opioid receptors. It is found in the brain, spinal cord and gastrointestinal tract. This medicine was originally derived from poppy fruit and was chemically strengthened and manufactured. From this point on, the drug was used to treat alcoholism and certain addiction. It turned out that morphine was more addictive than alcohol, so it did not last long.

The most notorious morphine derivative is heroin. Since it is synthesized by acetylation of the two hydroxyl groups of morphine by acetyl chloride, the other names are diacetyl morphine or dimorphine. Heroin was first isolated from morphine in 1874 and was initially used as a "safe" (ie, nontoxic) treatment for morphine intoxication. In the beginning of the 20th century, heroin abuse and addiction became common. Heroin was first restricted in the UK in 1868, due to "movement of unprofitable workers" and international ban after World War I. Currently it is classified as a Class A medicine, and ownership or trading there is a possibility that a major fine will be imposed in most countries.

Morphine is a highly toxic substance. In a control study comparing the physiological and subjective effects of heroin and morphine in individuals who had previously been addicted to opioids, subjects prioritized certain drugs over other drugs. Effective injected dose shows a similar effect, subjects self assessment There is no difference in euphoria, ambition, tension, relaxation, lethargy or lethargy. Short-term poisoning studies conducted by the same investigators showed that tolerance is similar to the incidence of heroin and morphine. Compared to opioid hydromorphone, fentanyl, oxycodone and meperidine / petitidine, pre-addiction patients show strong taste towards heroin and morphine, suggesting that heroin and morphine are particularly vulnerable to abuse There. Addiction. Morphine and heroin are also more susceptible to euphoria and other aggressive subjective effects than other opioids.