Introduction Mexico is the northernmost country of Latin America. It is in the south part of the United States. Rio Grande occupies about two-thirds of the Mexican-US border. Among all the countries of the Western Hemisphere, only the United States and Brazil have more population than Mexico. Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. It is also one of the world's most populous metropolitan areas. Hundreds of years ago, the Mexican Indians built large cities, developed calendars, invented counting systems, and used some form of text.
Mexican independence warfare officially began when Pastor Miguel Hidalgo Costiri ringed the church's bell and shouted loudly, picked up weapons and stood up into the Spanish royal family on the morning of 16th September 1810. It is a well-known event. As El grito de Dolores (the name of Dolores), it was named after the city of Guanajuato. In a very short period of time, the priest took a group of crucified mobs with him to Mexico City with him, causing a rebellion against the rule of Spain.
The decade that brought independence was an era of pain in Mexico's history. In 1810, a Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo started an independent war in central Mexico. The following year, military captain Las Casas started a coup in the imperial regime. Las Casas expressed sympathy for the poor lower class and started a series of dialogues with revolutionaries. This led the Spanish elite to instigate their own anti-coup d'etat to run Las Casas. Even after years, the regime failed to regain consistency and control. These ideological struggles affected the surrounding areas of New Mexico. It is much less than the center of the state, but it brought a sense of alienation from the central authorities.
In 1821, Costa Rica became part of the Mexican empire after the Mexican Revolution. It was part of Central America Federal Republic before fully independent in 1823. In 1948, the civil war of 44 days broke out in Costa Rica. Since then, Costa Rica was able to maintain relative peace compared to other Central American countries. In most of its history, the agricultural economy of Costa Rica was highly dependent on the export of bananas and coffee. But over the last two decades, tourism and technology of that country grew rapidly. Today, Costa Rica's tropical rainforest, mountains and beaches are one of the most frequent places in Latin America, but they still maintain a steep atmosphere that encourages adventure and close affinity for nature.
Mexico declared independence from Spain after Miguel Hidalgo formulated the national independence declaration "Long Life Mexico!" On September 16, 1810. However, after many years of war, independence did not occur until 1821. That year, Spain and Mexico signed a treaty to end the independence war. Mexico established a new constitution in 1917 and in 1929 the institutional revolutionary party established and controlled national politics until 2000. Since 1920 Mexico has undergone various reforms to grow to today's agriculture, politics and society areas.