Martial law

Martial law is temporarily ruled by military authorities in designated areas in the event of an emergency, if the private authorities are judged not to function. The legal effect of declaring martial law varies from jurisdictional area, but usually it involves civilian cessation in general and simple military trials or expansion of military law to civilians. In theory it is temporary, but in reality the state of martial law may continue indefinitely

In British legal system, this term has a suspicious meaning; in the words of Sir Frederick Pollock, the British law scholar, the so-called "martial law", is a name of era error for customary law, unlike military law . The action taken to protect the Federation is correct as necessary. It is a war in this field. "

This "necessary act" is limited only by international law and civilized war practice. In addition, conventional civil courts do not review court decisions established by military authorities, there is little power to relieve military abuse of power. In the UK and many other jurisdictions, these issues are of little value given the modern approach of adopting emergency or special authority through regulation.

In the "Security Council and Emergency Law" of 1936 - 37, between the semi-military law under civil power and the complete martial law in the military, we did not introduce a complete martial law, And the army is an excellent practice, not a civilian high commissioner. After the Arabs occupied the Old Town of Jerusalem in October 1938, the army essentially dominated Jerusalem, then the whole Palestinian. The main form of collective punishment used by the British Army is the destruction of property. As happened in Mi'ar in October 1938, the entire village was collapsed to the ground; more generally, some famous houses were bombed and other houses were bombed . The greatest single destruction took place in Jaffa on June 16, 1936. There, large gel Night explosives were used to block the long way through the old city, 220-240 buildings were destroyed and 6,000 Arabs lost their homes. Return

The Egyptian Revolution in 1952 maintained this urgent legal order. And with some short answers, the whole country was in the state of martial law until 2012. Over 70 years, martial law has steadily expanded. Sometimes the disadvantageous court decision forced to change and at other times the special court proved to be a useful new way to support martial law. In 1958, "martial law" was changed to "emergency", probably because the special force is no longer a wartime action but a continuous governance situation.