Mangroves and the Environment

Outline the purpose of the overall report, lead conclusions, summarize the final optimization of mangrove conservation, and mitigate potential adverse effects. On the global scale, mangroves are mainly affected by human activities and disturbance. This is evident in the studies carried out, indicating that mangrove planting has declined by 1 to 2% per year (DasGubta & Shaw, 2013). This has many effects on the ecosystem and leads to changes in biological structure and function.

The following list (1986, changed from Tomlinson) shows the number of species of mangrove in each plant genus and family listed. In the eastern hemisphere's mangrove environment there are six times trees and shrubs of the new world's mangrove. The genetic distinction of mangrove strains from terrestrial close relatives combined with fossil evidence suggests that the spectral coefficients of mangroves steadily increase during the third century and are stressful without substantial global extinction It is suggested that it is bound by the evolutionary transition to the marine environment.

Within this harsh environment, mangrove has developed a special mechanism to help their descendants survive. Mangrove seeds are buoyant and suitable for water dispersion. Unlike most plants where seeds germinate in the soil, many mangroves (such as red mangroves) are growing and their seeds germinate while adhering to the parent tree. When germinating, the seedling grows in fruit (eg Aegialitis, Avicennia, Aegiceras) or grows via fruit (eg Rhizophora, Ceriops, Bruguiera, Nypa) and can be produced by photosynthesis of its own food (Ie, seedlings).

Mangrove is an ecosystem of tropical and subtropical wetlands, located at the confluence of coastline, tideland and river flowing into the sea. Mangrove is a rich environment consisting of 60 species of trees, shrubs and other plants growing in extreme conditions, typical wind and wet areas with strong wind, turbulence, high salinity and muddy anaerobic soil. The mangrove has a unique aerial roots that capture bottom sediments before being washed away to the sea and prevents nearby coral reefs from suffocating. On the other hand, their main roots are adjusted salt soil by filtering salt from salt water.