Mamluk Society and Rule in Egypt and Syria

As military slavery national agencies defined Mamluk State, sectarian factions quickly established a highly institutionalized but fragmented society. In 1250, Mamluk's rebellion killed Ayyubid's house, dominated Egypt, appointed Amber, one of the leaders of the Mamluk group, to Sudan. Mamluk is a military slavery society that can protect Syria from Mongolia in 1260, including the remaining Syrian principality, expelled the crusade in 1291. 1 Mamluk can be achieved between Egypt and Syria. Unification is the reason for Mamluk. During the Abbas and Ottoman times, this country was the largest Muslim country.

After Mongolia conquered Syria, it seems that Egypt is falling. In fact, a special envoy came to Mamluk (the caste that dominated the Turkic army slave in that area), Mongols always made the same request: surrender or death. At that time, Mamluk leader Kutuz cut out the head of Mongolian envoys and gave an answer. Mamork's Mongolian domination The invasion of Syria began in Gaza, where Koutuz beat Mongolian avant-garde. In addition to worrying Mongolia, this victory is very useful as Kutuz has to consider regional crusade countries. He noticed that not all Franks are good for Mongolians, as Muslims called the European Crusade. Antioch was a vassal of Mongolia, but many of the nobles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem opposed the idea of ​​forming an alliance with Mongolia.

Egypt maintained semi-autonomy right under Mamluk until the invasion of the French Napoleonic Bonaparte army in 1798 (see France campaign in Egypt and Syria). After the French defeated by the British, Egypt created the Albanian mercenaries who served the Turks of the Ottoman Empire who dominated Egypt for centuries, Mamluk of Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire. After the French were expelled, in 1805, the Albanian army commander Muhammad Ali Pasha of the Ottoman army of Egypt gained power. He has the title of Governor of Egypt, but subordination of the Ottoman portal is only a nominal one. Muhammad Ali slaughtered Mamluk and founded the dynasty which governed Egypt until the 1952 revolution.

French invasion of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte began in 1798. Ottoman, Mamluk, British forces exiled France in 1801, followed by the Ottoman Empire, Mamluk and Albanians became anarchic for four years. Service of the Ottoman Empire - fighting power. In this confusion, Albanian military commander, Kavalili Mohamed Ali Pasha became rulership and was approved by Sultan of Istanbul in 1805 as Governor of Egypt; the title is Sudan which means subordination, however In fact it is a polite novel: the power of the Egyptian Ottoman Empire has been completed, and ambitious and competent leader Muhammad Ali established the dynasty which dominated Egypt until the 1952 revolution. In the next few years the dynasty became British