Malaria Vaccine Development

Malaria is a disease caused by mosquitoes and parasites in human life; Wikipedia is defined as a mosquito-borne infection caused by the eukaryotic protozoa of malaria parasite. It is widely seen in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of America, Asia, Africa. However, malaria is a nightmare for me, it is a terrible hell, a very frustrating and difficult illness that makes you disappoint. In my village, malaria is a common disease in the rainy season because there is water, the mosquito breeding ground.

Malaria's life cycle provides the basis for understanding malaria vaccines. There are many strategies for developing a malaria vaccine, each covering various stages of parasite development. The life cycle of all malaria parasites is almost the same. It includes 1) an exogenous phase (spore) that grows in parasites of the Anopheles spp. And 2) an endogenous asexual germplasm with a parasite growth in the intestinal wall of a vertebrate host (Schizonto). The latter phase consists of 3) two endogenous asexual stages: the hepatocyte stage (erythrocyte schizont) and the erythrocyte development cycle (erythrocyte season).

Half of the world's population (3.3 billion people) live in areas where the risk of malaria infection is at stake. It includes 109 countries and regions around the world. Unfortunately, the production of anti-malarial vaccines has failed due to the complex life cycle of the parasites and tolerance to all malarial drugs currently in use. Traditional vaccines are expensive to store and manage, so scientists have come to adopt alternatives to malaria vaccines. Edible vaccines are one of these options. The long-term goal of this study is to address some of the steps required before the production of an edible malaria vaccine. Our study involved determining whether the sex stage antigen pfs4845 from the Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium P. falciparum parasite genome could be expressed in the Arabidopsis thaliana system. If we can express pfs4845 in a new plant system of Arabidopsis thaliana it will be closer to the development of an edible malaria vaccine.

Malaria vaccines are an elusive research goal. In the first promising study, the possibility of a malaria vaccine was done by immunizing mice with sporozoites that reduced live radiation in 1967, followed by injection of usual viable sporozoites. It provides important protection. Since the 1970's, considerable effort has been made to develop a similar vaccination strategy for humans. The first vaccine called RTS, S was approved by European regulatory authorities in 2015.