Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow.

The loss of vision can have a big impact on the lives of experienced people, family members, friends and society. Complete loss or worsening of existing vision can be horrible and overwhelming and affected people keep themselves independent, pay the necessary medical expenses, maintain employment, and they I want to know if I can do it for themselves and their family members. Pay the pension. The health consequences of vision loss are far beyond the eyes and vision systems. The loss of vision affects the quality of life (QOL), independence, and activity of people, and it is a cause of falls, injuries, and physical injuries in areas such as mental health, cognition, social function, employment and education It is related to deterioration. Confounding factors may cause some of the dangers associated with visual impairment, but the testimony of blind people account for the important role that vision plays in health, occupation and social well-being.

The economic impact of vision loss is also great. According to a nationwide survey requested by Prevent Blindness, the direct medical cost in 2013, other direct costs, loss of productivity, and overhead due to other visual impairment was about $ 139 billion in 2013 Wittenborn and Rein, 2013). Year), the direct costs of people under the age of 40 reached $ 14.5 billion (Wittenborn et al., 2013). These costs affect not only the public's medical expenses, but also the expenses related to it, as well as the financial resources of individuals and their families. For example, Köberlein and colleagues (2013) discovered that as vision declines, the time spent by caregivers increases dramatically.

This chapter will explain the impact of chronic vision loss in the United States. This includes the financial cost and the impact on quality of life. The first two sections of this chapter describe in detail the effects of visual impairment and the relationship between chronic visual impairment and other chronic diseases. Part 3 of this chapter outlines the economic impact of vision loss on individuals, insurance companies, and society, including direct and indirect costs and estimates of loss of life. In the last section we will explain clinical ophthalmology and cost-effectiveness studies of vision care.

Third, from a previous perspective, the population health model proposed by Evans and Stoddart lacks the vision of action and behavior at the meso and micro level. Health characteristics of health determinants are derived from an abstract statistical model, often including "individualist bias": hence label the health of the group. It is unlikely that it takes time for these functions to examine how these models relate to real people and groups in the actual social environment.

Promoting the health and well-being of the population, reducing health inequality and pursuing people-centered health systems is important for sustainable and equitable Europe. This vision is appropriately reflected in the important strategic objectives of the Ministry of Health in 2020. I am very pleased that "Health 2020" was adopted at the 62nd Regional Committee held in Malta in September 2012. Behind Health 2020 is a simple and important way of thinking. Health and happiness are essential for human, social, economic development and the future of Europe. Health is a fundamental resource for people, families, and communities. If your health goes bad it will lead to despair and exhaustion of resources. By developing this new health policy framework for Europe, the region in Europe and its members focus on health and want to improve their distribution in society. In order to achieve this goal, we need to address the root cause of the internal and external health disparities of the country.

We need to understand more clearly how to manage population health. This is an important strategic issue for reforming US health care activities. This means optimally managing the patient population within the population based on the population's risks and needs. In other words, do not try to manage each group in the same way. Children are different from the elderly. The needs of patients with chronic disease are different from the needs of healthy people. The immediate problem is that we have created complex silos (insurance groups and plans) that can be subdivided, but it can not be done with the way of promoting health. If you are in a state of health before, you are eligible for Medicaid. If you are a senior, you are qualified for Medicare and the program looks the same regardless of your health. If you are an employee with chronic illness, you can receive medical care sponsored by your employer