Long-Term Effects of Sports Concussions: Bridging the Neurocognitive Repercussions of the Injury with the Newest Neuroimaging Data.

1 Pittsburgh University School of Medicine and Pittsburgh University Medical Center, Pennsylvania Department of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA

I do not know much about the long-term impact of sports related concussion. In the scientific literature, conclusions are largely different, some of which show no long-term effects at all, others indicate that sputum neurodegeneration is sometimes thought to be caused by concussion. More and more evidence supports a variety of long-term outcomes, showing asymptomatic and clinically relevant changes in athletic brains, regardless of age. This article reviews pathological histology of concussion and is studying existing literature focusing on electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Changes in neurobehavior and neurocognition were also investigated, especially since they were associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. To explore defects in the literature and propose future direction of research

One of the main problems in studying the long-term effects of concussion is that neuroimaging that can study the structure and function of the brain in vivo has not been completed yet. For most imaging studies, we used similar groups, usually only for a small number of subjects (less than 20), and compared the corresponding controls. Using the single scan, section, and group approaches makes voxel analysis cumbersome. In this group, the position of neuronal injury must occur at approximately the same location in the brain for all subjects, in order to detect a significant difference between the patient and the control group. Given that the nature of the turbulence damage based on the damage itself is heterogeneous, a more sophisticated analytical technique is needed to fully evaluate nerve damage using imaging. In any case, this prospective study is necessary to improve the utility of neuroimaging after concussion.

I do not know much about the long-term impact of sports related concussion. In the scientific literature, conclusions are largely different, some of which show no long-term effects at all, others indicate that sputum neurodegeneration is sometimes thought to be caused by concussion. More and more evidence supports a variety of long-term outcomes, showing asymptomatic and clinically relevant changes in athletic brains, regardless of age. This article reviews pathological histology of concussion and is studying existing literature focusing on electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Changes in neurobehavior and neurocognition were also investigated, especially since they were associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. To explore defects in the literature and propose future direction of research

Long term influence of exercise concussion: use of the latest neuroimaging data to bridge the neurocognitive effect of injury