Literature Review on Preterm Birth

Premature birth is defined as "newborn baby born before 31 weeks gestation", accounting for about 8 to 4% of all pregnancies. In the literature so far, it is worth noting that these premature infants have the risk of physical and neurological delays, prolonged hospitalization, and a significant increase in long-term risk.3,5-13. Innovative healthcare over the last 30 years has significantly reduced mortality 14. And survival rate of premature babies increased from 25% in 1980 to 73% in 2007.

Premature birth means that the baby was born too early, before the 37th week of pregnancy. Premature birth in 2016 affected about 1 out of 10 babies born in the United States. Premature birth declined from 2007 to 2014 and investigations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that this decrease was partly due to a decrease in the number of births among adolescents and young mothers. However, preterm birth in 2016 has increased for the second consecutive year. In addition, racial and ethnic differences of premature birth still exist. For example, in 2016, the premature birth rate (14%) of African-American women was about 50% higher (9%) than that of white women.

Reducing premature birth is a public public health priority. Premature birth declined from 2007 to 2014 and research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that reductions in premature infants contributed to the decline in young and young women's birth. Despite this success, premature birth increased in 2017 for three consecutive years, and one baby (10%) in 10 people was born in the United States too soon. In addition, racial and ethnic differences of premature birth still exist. For example, in 2017, the premature birth rate (14%) of non-Hispanic black women was about 50% higher than that of non-Hispanic white females (9%).

Premature birth is thought to have a genetic component of the mother. Estimated female birth time inheritance is 34%. However, the occurrence of preterm birth in families does not obey a clear genetic model, therefore it supports the idea that premature birth is a non Mendelian trait with multiple genetic properties. Placental alpha microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1) has been the subject of several studies evaluating its ability to predict the spontaneous onset of preterm birth in women with signs, signs or symptoms of imminent premature birth. In one study, PAMG-1 (commercially known as PartoSure test) compared this study with the embryonic fibronectin test and transvaginal ultrasonic neck length measurement showed that a single It was reported that it was spontaneous delivery. The best predictive patient shows signs of premature labor, signs or complaints