Jean-Jacques Rousseau

As Europe shifted from the enlightenment of the 18th century to the era of political economy and utilitarianism of the 19th century, the concept of freedom and personality experienced major changes in meaning and understanding. This obvious difference is seen in the comparison between the work of Enlightenment Thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the 19th century writer including Utilitarian John Stuart Mill and Communist Karl Marx. The fundamental difference between freedom and personality in the 2nd century may be due to the political, economic and social climate of each writer's era.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau. French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) in the 18th century claimed that the children were not blank slabs filled with adult education. On the contrary, Rousseau (1762/1955) regards children as a noble asylum, and of course gives a congenital plan for good and evil, and orderly healthy growth. Unlike Locke, Rousseau thinks that internal morality of children and how to think and feel emotion of their own can only be hurt by adult training. He is a child-centered philosophy, adults should receive children's needs in four stages: infancy, childhood, late childhood and adolescence.

John B. Watson and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are well considered to provide the foundation of modern developmental psychology. In the mid-eighteenth century, Jean Jacques Rousseau described three developmental stages: Emile's baby (early childhood), pool (childhood) and adolescence: or education. Rousseau's idea was strongly responded to by the educators at the time. It usually focuses on how and why certain modifications through personal life cycle (cognition, society, intelligence, personality) and human growth change. There are many theorists who have contributed greatly to this field of psychology. For example, Erik Erikson has developed eight models of psychological developmental stages. He believes that humans grow in stages throughout their life and that it will influence their behavior (like Sigmund Freud)

Philosophers including Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Dennis Diderot developed a new social idea based on the rationality and method of scientific exploration during enlightenment. During this period, Jean-Jacques Rousseau played an important role in social theory. He reveals the origin of inequality, analyzes social contracts (and social contracts) that form social integration, and defines social spheres or civil society. Jean-Jacques Rousseau also emphasizes that humans have the freedom to change their own world. It makes it possible to summarize and change society.