Investigation of the Pinna Effect in Response to a Click: Analysis of the Frequency Response Curve Measured at the Eardrum

Introduction The human auditory system is very accurate to discern the content, location and meaning of signals through discrete neural processes. The accuracy of these processes begins with the external anatomical structure of the auditory pathway: the atrial appendages and ear canal. Pinuses are used to collect sounds from the environment and generate direction-dependent cues through spectral transformation (Hofman et al., 1998; Raykar et al., 2005). The sound of the funnel entering the ear canal contains a range of frequencies for amplification and attenuation.

The ear canal connects the atrial appendix to the eardrum. It is curved to protect the eardrum and eardrum. The tympanic membrane is a membrane that is a passage to the middle ear. It is very sensitive and the tympanic membrane vibrates when sound waves touch it. Earwax is produced in the ear canal. This protects the eardrum and keeps the ears free from soiling and infection. Let's split up a bit. Sonic waves enter the ear canal through the outer ear. They vibrate the eardrum and move the three bones of the middle ear. They vibrate the cochlea through an oval window through the fluid in the cochlea. It triggers thousands of small hairs, activates nerves, and sends information to the brain. The brain understands this information as a sound.

When the eardrum vibrates in response to the wave of air, the bone chain of the inner ear moves at the same frequency. Frequency of exercise is transmitted from the eardrum to an elliptical window (another structure in the ear) and pressure is applied to the elliptical window each time it vibrates. This causes wavy motion of the inner ear with the same frequency as the original sound wave. However, in order to move the fluid, more pressure is required, so the pressure has to be amplified. This pressure of radiated air waves is related to the establishment of fluid oscillations in the cochlea with two mechanisms. First, the surface area of ​​the tympanic membrane is much larger than the surface area of ​​the elliptical window. In addition, the leverage of the small bone greatly increases the force on the elliptical window. The extra pressure generated by these mechanisms is sufficient to move the cochlear fluid.