Integrating Anthropogenic Pollutants to Hard Red Wheat for Analysis of Germination and Phytotoxicity

In the last century, dependence on society's oil and petroleum products has dramatically increased. Currently, the United States is the largest oil consuming country on Earth, accounting for 25% of the world's total oil, but natural resources account for only 2% (Banerjee, 2012). This brought environmental disaster and cultural dependence. Environmental disasters, including water leaks in BP's deep sea horizon, demonstrated how the oil dependence society could have a negative impact on the environment.

Many researchers have determined the effectiveness of spore germination of ferns against environmental pollution. Some researchers examined the phytotoxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LAS) against Diplazium esculentum spores and observed that LAS levels in excess of 0.001% were toxic to fern spores. Due to the widespread use of synthetic detergents in family life, agriculture and industry, synthetic detergent water pollution continues to increase over the past few years. These detergents are among the most common pollutants that cause water pollution. In consideration of this fact, the phytotoxicity of LAS against the spore germination of aquatic fern Ceratopterismore thalictroides was examined. However, in these studies only the germination pattern was used as an indicator and no developmental stage was observed.

A major problem related to water is the problem of water pollution. It is basically a contaminant that pollutes water from humans, animals or industries. Natural and anthropogenic activities cause corruption of rivers, streams and groundwater. This contaminated water can also move from one place to another, resulting in a higher level of water pollution (Chiras, 2012). Contaminants in surface waters can be organic or inorganic. Treated or untreated waste from animal or human sources can be released into the water through waste treatment plants and the like. Oil spill is also the main cause of water pollution by organic pollutants. When water saturates with this organic waste, bacteria start to grow rapidly. Oxygen in these reservoirs is depleted due to the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Oxygen depletion is fatal to the life of the body that depends on oxygen to live.