Insulin Resistance and Exercise

This is a discussion about research papers published at the end of the paper, but when the muscle is damaged, it is generally insulin resistant. Physiological stress associated with muscle injury compromises how insulin stimulates IRS-1, PI 3-kinase and Akt-kinase. This can result in reduced glucose absorption. Previous studies have shown that there is temporary insulin resistance due to physiological stress associated with muscle injury. However, the molecular mechanism by which physiological stress induces insulin resistance is unknown.

The main treatment for insulin resistance is exercise and weight loss. The study showed that low carbohydrate diet may help. Both metformin and thiazolidinedione improve insulin resistance, but only against type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance does not improve. In contrast, growth hormone replacement therapy may be associated with increased insulin resistance. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) shows that exercise and diet therapy are almost twice as effective as metformin, and it reduces the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. However, participants in the DPP study regained about 40% of the weight loss after 2.8 years, resulting in similar diabetes rates in lifestyle intervention and study management. In the 2009 study, we found that carbohydrate shortage after exercise rather than energy shortage leads to increased insulin sensitivity

Exercise promotes longevity and can improve type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. However, exercise also increases mitochondrial formation of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants are widely used as supplements, but it is unknown whether they affect health promotion of exercise. We evaluated the effect of a combination of Vitamin C (1000 mg / day) and Vitamin E (400 IU / day) on insulin sensitivity measured by glucose infusion rate (GIR) in previously untreated hyperinsulinemia Healthy young people with healthy glucose fixed (n = 19) and pre-training (n = 20). GIR was determined before and after 4 weeks of physical exercise intervention and muscle biopsy and plasma samples for gene expression analysis were obtained to compare the potential effects of vitamins on baseline change and motor performance. Replenishment of antioxidants may interfere with the promotion of these sports to health.