Insulin, Glucagon and Somatostatin

The main role of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin pancreatic hormones is to regulate systemic energy metabolism, mainly by regulating the concentration and activity of numerous enzymes involved in assimilation and assimilation metabolism of the major cellular energy supply . The earliest identified hormone is insulin and its main function is to counteract the synergistic effects of several hormones that produce hyperglycemia and maintain hypoglycemic levels.

The pancreas is a gland that combines the functions of endocrine and exocrine secretions. As an endocrine gland, it secretes several important hormones in the blood, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. As an exocrine gland, it secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. This juice contains bicarbonate that neutralizes acid from the stomach to the duodenum and digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids from the stomach into the duodenum.

The body wants to keep blood sugar (blood sugar) within a narrow range. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that cause this. Since both insulin and glucagon are secreted from the pancreas, they are called pancreatic endocrine hormones. The image on the left shows the close relationship between insulin and glucagon. Please note that the pancreas is the central participant in the program. It creates insulin and glucagon from the pancreas and ultimately determines whether the patient has diabetes, hypoglycemia or other sugar problems.

Both insulin and glucagon are produced in the pancreas and they act in a seesaw fashion. As insulin rises, blood sugar flows out of the blood and glucagon is suppressed. As insulin levels decline, the increase in glucagon causes more blood sugar to enter the bloodstream. And this automatic negative feedback system maintains your energy level. The food you eat consists of three major major nutrients - carbohydrates, fat and protein. However, our body can not use this energy in its natural form, so these major nutrients are transformed into energy that our bodies can use. Carbohydrates are converted to glucose (also called sugar), fat is converted to triglycerides and glycerol, and proteins are converted to amino acids. I believe that this energy source is the main cause of type 2 diabetes, so let's focus on glucose.