Inside the Earth

The size of the earth - about 12,750 km in diameter - was known to the ancient Greeks, but the scientists decided that our planet consists of the three main layers of crust, mantle and nucleus in the 20th century It was until the beginning. This layered structure can be compared with the structure of boiled eggs. The outermost shell is hard and very thin compared to the outermost layer. Below the sea, the thickness of the crust hardly changes, usually only spreads to about 5 kilometers. Although the thickness of the crust beneath the continent changes uniformly, it is about 30 km on average, but the bottom of the crust may reach 100 km under a large mountain such as the Alps and Sierra Nevada. Like the outer shell of eggs, the crust may be very brittle and broken.

This section shows the internal structure of the earth. Bottom: This enlarged picture shows that the Earth's crust is deep inside the skin. Bottom right: Scaling display (see text) showing in more detail the three main layers of the earth (crust, mantle, core)

Below the crust is a mantle about 2,900 kilometers thick, thick semi-solid rock formations. The mantle contains more iron, magnesium and calcium than the Earth's crust because the temperature and pressure in the Earth becomes denser at higher temperatures as the depth gets deeper. For comparison, the mantle may be considered white for boiled eggs. Located in the center of the earth, the density is almost twice that of the mantle. Because its composition is metal (iron - nickel alloy) rather than stone. However, unlike egg yolks, the core of the earth actually consists of two different parts. It is a 2,200 kilometer thick liquid outer core and a 1,250 kilometer thick solid core. As the Earth rotates, the outer core of liquid rotates to form the Earth's magnetic field.

Naturally, the internal structure of the earth affects plate tectonics. The upper part of the mantle is colder and harder than the deep mantle; in many respects it acts like the crust above it. Together they form a hard rock formation called the rock zone (from rock, for Greek rock). Lithosphere is often the thinnest in the continents of the ocean and volcanic activities such as the western United States. In most areas of the Earth, the average thickness is at least 80 kilometers and the lithosphere is subdivided into moving plates including the continent and the ocean of the world. Scientists believe that under the lithosphere is a relatively narrow mantle movement, called asenosphere. This area consists of high temperature semi-solid material that softens and flows after being exposed to high temperature and pressure in the geological era. A hard lithosphere is thought to "float" or move in a slowly flowing asthenosphere

Scientists believe that the earth 's magnetic field is generated by the current flowing through the outer core of the liquid in the deep part of the earth. It is a liquid metal, but it moves through a process called convection. And metal movement in the core creates current and magnetic field. As mentioned at the beginning of this article, the Earth's magnetic field protects the Earth from cosmic radiation. The biggest cause is solar wind. These are high charged particles emitted like a stable wind from the sun. It does not affect us as the Earth's magnetosphere directs the solar wind around the Earth. Without the magnetic field, the solar wind robs our atmosphere - this may have happened on Mars. The sun also releases many energies and substances to corona mass emissions. These CMEs send hail to the universe

When charged particles in the solar wind approach the Earth, they first collide with the dominant region of the Earth's magnetosphere, Earth's magnetic field. Solar wind compresses it during the day and spreads it at night, so it disturbs the Earth's magnetosphere. Therefore, the Earth's magnetosphere is formed by solar wind. When these storms reach the earth, despite the protective field they still have a serious impact. Due to the solar storms in 1859, 1882 and 1921, telegraph service ceased to function, it caused fire, and in some cases even shocked telegraph operators. In the solar storm in 1960, a massive disorder of wireless communication occurred