Influence of a Micro RNA on Complex-Forming Proteins

Effect of miRNA on complexed proteins We investigated the overall correlation between the number of protein complex binding at the 3 'UTR and the number of miRNA target site types in the gene encoding the protein. Interestingly, we noticed that there was a significant negative correlation between them (miRNA hit count and protein complex binding = -0.102, P = 0 × 10 -2, N = 513 [TargetScan]; ρ Number of miRNA hits and protein complex number = -0.191, P = 8 × 10 -2, N = 118 [miRWalk]) (supplementary map).

Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA) expressed in mammalian testis and somatic cells forms an RNA-protein complex with Piwi protein. These piRNA complexes (piRC) are involved in the transcriptional gene silencing of germ cells, especially retrotransposons and other genetic elements in spermatogenesis. Aggregate Periodic Gap Short palindrome repeat (CRISPR) is a repetitive sequence found in the DNA of many bacteria and archaea. Repetitive sequences are separated by spacers of similar length. It has been shown that these spacers can be derived from phage and can subsequently help protect cells from infection.

There are three types of RNA functions for protein synthesis. The first is called ribosomal RNA (rRNA). This form of RNA is used to make ribosomes. Ribosomes are submicroscopic particles of rRNA and protein. They are where amino acids are bound together to synthesize proteins (chemical "workbench"). Numerous ribosomes are found along the cytoplasm of the membrane and cells of the endoplasmic reticulum (see Chapter 3). The second important class of RNA is transfer RNA (tRNA). Transfer RNA is present in the cytoplasm and carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. When protein synthesis occurs, the enzyme binds tRNA molecules to amino acids in a highly specific manner. For example, tRNA molecule X is bound only to amino acid X; tRNA molecule Y is bound only to amino acid Y.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a role in the amino acid sequence that converts genetic information from genes into proteins. Three common types of RNA include transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Messenger RNA carries gene sequence information between DNA and ribosomes and is used to direct protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNA is the major component of ribosomes and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds. Transfer RNA is used as a carrier molecule for amino acids used for protein synthesis and is involved in the decoding of mRNA. In addition, many other types of RNA are currently known.