Infection of Cells with FIPV

Introduction Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a common infectious disease prevalent in cat population, and it is particularly prevalent in felids and multifamily families [1, 2, 3]. The genome is characterized by RNA viruses of the Coronaviridae family and is named Nidovirales [3, 4]. It was thought to be a special disease of cats in the 1950's [5], first appeared in Malaysia in 1981 [6]. Two pathogenic coronaviruses of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline intestinal coronavirus (FECV) are described in cats.

Although FIPV is widely distributed in domestic cats, it may affect exotic cats (ie, lions, cougars, cheetahs, jaguars, panthers, owl cats etc.). It is excreted in the oral and respiratory secretions, feces and possibly urine. Infection by intake or inhalation under close contact conditions. Recent evidence suggests that FIPV can survive in the environment for several days in the environment and allow spreading pollutants. Cats infected with FIPV usually show nonspecific symptoms such as fever, anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anemia, etc. Chronic volatile fever that does not respond to antibiotics is the most common early symptom of FIP. As the virus progresses and develops, clinical symptoms will dominate the display of the two forms of disease, overflowing "wet" form and noninvasive "dry" form.

Coronavirus is an enveloped virus with a sense single-stranded RNA genome featuring a helical symmetric nucleocapsid. FIP virus (FIPV) causes a systemic infection of the macrophage line by inducing severe extensive immunocomplex-mediated vasculitis (which destroys blood vessels by inflammation) that causes necrosis and haemophilic granulocyte inflammation. There are other closely related coronaviruses, such as cat intestinal coronavirus, which can also infect cats but does not cause systemic infection like FIP.

Piropitosis: A type of cell death that occurs in cells infecting certain viruses and bacteria. Cells killed by apoptosis release molecules called cytokines that warn neighboring cells to infect cells. This is a defensive reaction that causes inflammation and limits the spread of viruses and bacteria.