Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capacity to bring broad effect to biomedical research and therapeutic approaches. These stem cells are very powerful as they can self-renew during culture while maintaining the capacity of almost all cell types (Zhu and Huangfu, 2013). Although there are many ethical problems with embryonic stem cells, the pluripotent stem cells are derived from somatic cells of adults, which can be reprogrammed to enter a pluripotent state, Expression, telomerase activity and the like. Cell surface. Markers and genes

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were originally produced from human cells in 2007. These are adult cells genetically transformed into a state like an embryonic stem cell. In animal studies, iPS cells have been shown to be characterized by pluripotent stem cells. Human iPS cells differentiate and can become a variety of different fetal cell types. iPSC is a valuable adjuvant in the onset of disease and research on drug therapy and may be used in the future for transplantation medicine. Further research on the development and use of these cells is necessary.

At the end of 2007, scientists have identified conditions that allow several special adult cells to be genetically reprogrammed to present stem cell-like conditions. These stem cells are called artificial pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). IPSC is an adult cell genetically reprogrammed into an embryonic stem cell-like state by expressing important genes and factors to maintain the distinctive characteristics of embryonic stem cells. These cells are consistent with the definition of pluripotent stem cells, but it is unknown whether there are significant clinical differences between iPS cells and embryonic stem cells. The mouse iPSC was first reported in 2006, and the human iPSC was first reported at the end of 2007. Human iPSCs also express stem cell markers that can produce cell characteristics of all three germ layers.

A new stem cell approach was discovered in 2007 that actually "initializes" common cells (such as skin cells) back to a state like embryonic stem cells. These stem cells are called artificial pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and are inherently indistinguishable from embryonic stem cells, but with one exception: they do not need to kill the embryo. Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, Japanese doctor Shinya Yamanaka who discovered this reprogramming method, said: iPSC said it overcomes two major problems in embryonic stem cell research. Patients may not have the same genetic code and the body may reject them (as observed in mouse studies); (2) moral dilemma: the only way to obtain embryonic stem cells is by killing the embryo is there