Importance of Nitrogen in Barley

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for growing barley crops. Excess nitrogen leaching from the soil is also the main cause of groundwater contamination. There are many factors and calculations to balance environmental problems and excess nitrogen, and enough nitrogen is needed to achieve the highest potential yield. Extensive research has been conducted to find appropriate levels of nitrogen fertilizer application at universities and private organizations. All these studies still have human decisions that complicate this decision, weather disorder, and different opinions by experts and laboratories.

Nitrogen is the most important structural element of all organisms. There are plenty of nitrogen in the air, but animals and most plants can not fix atmospheric nitrogen. Nitrogen circulation mainly involves incorporating atmospheric gaseous nitrogen and organic nitrogen from dead plants and animals into available forms for higher plants. The shortage of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds is a major problem in maintaining soil fertility. Consequently, the conversion of nitrogen has attracted considerable attention from soil microbiologists. Higher plants usually require nitrogen in the form of nitrates, but ammonia and some organic nitrogen compounds are used to a lesser extent.

Concentration of soil and restoration of its fertility are usually done by plants. Among them, legume plants extract nitrogen from the air and fix it in the soil Eating crops / trees such as cereals, barley, beans, date palms are the most important. The sand fence can also be used to control the drifting of soil and sand erosion. Several research centers (eg Bel - Air Research Center IRD / ISRA / UCAD) are also experimenting to inoculate mycorrhiza and mycorrhiza in arid areas. Mycorrhiza is basically a fungus that adheres to the roots of plants. As a result, they establish symbiotic relationships with trees, which greatly increases the surface area of ​​the roots (allowing trees to gather more nutrients from the soil)

Scientists at the John Inns Center in the UK are trying to make barley varieties that make their own ammonium fertilizer using nitrogen in the soil. This is especially beneficial for farmers who are cultivating crops under poor soil conditions or lacking resources to purchase artificial fertilizers. In June, the US Environmental Protection Agency approved a new type of GE maize called SmartStaxPro. The gene has been adapted to produce native toxins that kill the root parasite larvae of the western corn without genetic modification. It also kills certain genes of larvae and creates a piece of RNA that kills them. The new GM corn is expected to be commercialized by the end of the decade.