Immunohistochemistry: Antigen Detection in Tonsillitis

Proliferation and apoptosis researchers widely use it to determine the distribution and localization of biomarkers and proteins in organic tissues. IHC involves conjugation of an antibody to an enzyme capable of catalyzing a color development reaction, such as peroxidase. The IHC procedure involves dewaxing and pretreated paraffin sections prior to dyeing. Catalase is used to block endogenous peroxidase activity. Nonspecific binding of protein (antibody) is inhibited by goat serum, the same species as the secondary antibody.

Immunohistochemistry is the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue sections. The pathologist uses the application of immunohistochemistry to diagnose cancer. This is because certain antigens, particularly tumor antigens, are expressed in certain cancers (Kaliyappan et al, 2012). The main principle of immunohistochemistry involves binding of the specific protein of interest to the primary antibody. A complex of antibodies that bind to a particular protein is then formed by incubation with a secondary antibody. Finally, in the presence of substrate and chromogen, enzymatic catalysis takes place at the antibody-protein specific binding site and produces a colored precipitate (Immunohistochemistry .us, n.d.). Monoclonal antibodies are specific antibodies produced by B lymphocytes that recognize specific proteins such as antigens. They are able to recognize specific epitopes on antigens (Lipman et al., 2005).

Antibody: Protein produced by the human immune system when foreign bodies (called antigens) are detected. Examples of antigens include microorganisms (eg, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) and chemicals. If the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissue, antibodies may be produced. This occurs in autoimmune diseases. Each type of antibody is unique and resistant to a particular type of antigen. Auxiliary device: A tool, product, or device type that helps someone perform a task or activity. They help individuals move around, watch, communicate, eat and dress. There are also high-tech tools such as computers (adaptable to various obstacles such as vision loss, flexibility / mobility problems). Others are simpler like "responders" - a tool that will help someone grab objects that are difficult to reach